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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Royal Society Open Science

Expanding the Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry reference library for North American mammals: new collagen fingerprints from extinct and extant taxa

  • Mariya Antonosyan1
  • Carli Peters2,3
  • Eden Hill4
  • Bryan Hockett5
  • Robert S. Feranec6
  • Madeline E. Mackie7
  • Matthew Gibson8
  • Dennis Jenkins9
  • Torben C. Rick10
  • Noel Amano3
  • Patrick Roberts1
  • Nicole Boivin3,11,12
12 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Coevolution of Land Use and Urbanization, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology 1 , Jena, Germany
  2. 2Universidade do Algarve 2 , Faro, Portugal
  3. 3Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology 3 , Jena, Germany
  4. 4Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen 4 , Tübingen, Germany
  5. 5Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada 5 , USA
  6. 6New York State Museum 6 , USA
  7. 7Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University 7 , East Lansing, USA
  8. 8The Charleston Museum 8 , USA
  9. 9Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon 9 , OR, USA
  10. 10Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 10 , Washington, DC, USA
  11. 11School of Social Science, University of Queensland Faculty of Arts 11 , Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
  12. 12Griffith University 12 , Queensland, Australia
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Abstract

Robust zooarchaeological analysis of Pleistocene-Holocene faunal assemblages is fundamental for reconstructing past environments, species distributions, human subsistence and faunal turnovers in North America. However, faunal remains from archaeological and palaeontological sites are commonly highly fragmented or modified, often precluding morphological identification and limiting the information they can provide about faunal communities and their relationships with human populations and changing climates. Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) provides an effective biomolecular means of overcoming this limitation, enabling the identification of unidentifiable bone fragments, but its resolution depends on the availability of empirically validated reference datasets, which remain incomplete for North American fauna. Here, we expand the North American ZooMS reference library by characterizing and validating collagen peptide markers for 22 extant and extinct mammal taxa across four mammalian orders: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora and Rodentia, integrating Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry fingerprinting with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry peptide sequencing to provide sequence-level validation of diagnostic peptide markers. The resulting markers enable robust family-level discrimination across a range of taxa with genus- or species-level identification possible for several groups. This expanded reference framework enhances the taxonomic resolution and applicability of ZooMS across North American faunal assemblages, supporting its use for advancing archaeological, palaeontological and conservation-related research on the continent.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{antonosyan2026expanding,
  title = {{Expanding the Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry reference library for North American mammals: new collagen fingerprints from extinct and extant taxa}},
  author = {Mariya Antonosyan and Carli Peters and Eden Hill and Bryan Hockett and Robert S. Feranec and Madeline E. Mackie and Matthew Gibson and Dennis Jenkins and Torben C. Rick and Noel Amano and Patrick Roberts and Nicole Boivin},
  journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1098/rsos.260792},
  url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/260792/483888/Expanding-the-Zooarchaeology-by-Mass-Spectrometry},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Expanding the Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry reference library for North American mammals: new collagen fingerprints from extinct and extant taxa
AU  - Mariya Antonosyan
AU  - Carli Peters
AU  - Eden Hill
AU  - Bryan Hockett
AU  - Robert S. Feranec
AU  - Madeline E. Mackie
AU  - Matthew Gibson
AU  - Dennis Jenkins
AU  - Torben C. Rick
AU  - Noel Amano
AU  - Patrick Roberts
AU  - Nicole Boivin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/07
JO  - Royal Society Open Science
DO  - 10.1098/rsos.260792
UR  - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/260792/483888/Expanding-the-Zooarchaeology-by-Mass-Spectrometry
AB  - Robust zooarchaeological analysis of Pleistocene-Holocene faunal assemblages is fundamental for reconstructing past environments, species distributions, human subsistence and faunal turnovers in North America. However, faunal remains from archaeological and palaeontological sites are commonly highly fragmented or modified, often precluding morphological identification and limiting the information they can provide about faunal communities and their relationships with human populations and changing climates. Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) provides an effective biomolecular means of overcoming this limitation, enabling the identification of unidentifiable bone fragments, but its resolution depends on the availability of empirically validated reference datasets, which remain incomplete for North American fauna. Here, we expand the North American ZooMS reference library by characterizing and validating collagen peptide markers for 22 extant and extinct mammal taxa across four mammalian orders: Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora and Rodentia, integrating Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry fingerprinting with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry peptide sequencing to provide sequence-level validation of diagnostic peptide markers. The resulting markers enable robust family-level discrimination across a range of taxa with genus- or species-level identification possible for several groups. This expanded reference framework enhances the taxonomic resolution and applicability of ZooMS across North American faunal assemblages, supporting its use for advancing archaeological, palaeontological and conservation-related research on the continent.
SN  - 2054-5703
ER  -