Heavy Quarkonium Physics: An Experimental Review at Tevatron, LHC, and e+e- Colliders
Abstract
We review recent experimental advances in heavy quarkonium physics at the Tevatron, e+e- colliders (Belle, BaBar, Belle II, BESIII, and LEP), and the LHC (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb), including Run 2 and early Run 3 results. Differential cross sections and polarization measurements of charmonium (Jpsi, Psi(2S)) and bottomonium (Upsilon(nS)) test perturbative and non-perturbative QCD within the Non-Relativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework and probe symmetry relations among spin and orbital configurations. CDF and D0 established production baselines and exposed polarization tensions with early NRQCD predictions. Complementary e+e- measurements provide precise spectroscopy, branching fractions, radiative and hadronic transitions, and observations of exotic quarkonium-like states, constraining non-perturbative dynamics. LHC measurements extend production and polarization studies across broad kinematic ranges. Spectroscopic advances include fully-heavy tetraquark candidates, exotic structures in Jpsi Jpsi and Jpsi Psi(2S) reported by LHCb, and studies of toponium (ttbar) quasi-bound states. Sequential bottomonium suppression in PbPb collisions probes the quark-gluon plasma, while pPb measurements constrain cold nuclear matter effects. Multi-quarkonium production explores multi-parton interactions and exotic-hadron structure. Together, these results establish heavy quarkonium as a laboratory for QCD and a probe for physics beyond the Standard Model, while highlighting unresolved theoretical challenges. Future programs at the LHC, Belle II, and BESIII promise greater precision and new discoveries.
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BibTeX
@misc{cui2026heavy,
title = {{Heavy Quarkonium Physics: An Experimental Review at Tevatron, LHC, and e+e- Colliders}},
author = {Zhipeng Cui and Yilin Zhou and Gerry Bauer and Kai Yi},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.00948},
eprint = {2611.00948},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00948},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Heavy Quarkonium Physics: An Experimental Review at Tevatron, LHC, and e+e- Colliders
AU - Zhipeng Cui
AU - Yilin Zhou
AU - Gerry Bauer
AU - Kai Yi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.00948
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00948
AB - We review recent experimental advances in heavy quarkonium physics at the Tevatron, e+e- colliders (Belle, BaBar, Belle II, BESIII, and LEP), and the LHC (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb), including Run 2 and early Run 3 results. Differential cross sections and polarization measurements of charmonium (Jpsi, Psi(2S)) and bottomonium (Upsilon(nS)) test perturbative and non-perturbative QCD within the Non-Relativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework and probe symmetry relations among spin and orbital configurations. CDF and D0 established production baselines and exposed polarization tensions with early NRQCD predictions. Complementary e+e- measurements provide precise spectroscopy, branching fractions, radiative and hadronic transitions, and observations of exotic quarkonium-like states, constraining non-perturbative dynamics. LHC measurements extend production and polarization studies across broad kinematic ranges. Spectroscopic advances include fully-heavy tetraquark candidates, exotic structures in Jpsi Jpsi and Jpsi Psi(2S) reported by LHCb, and studies of toponium (ttbar) quasi-bound states. Sequential bottomonium suppression in PbPb collisions probes the quark-gluon plasma, while pPb measurements constrain cold nuclear matter effects. Multi-quarkonium production explores multi-parton interactions and exotic-hadron structure. Together, these results establish heavy quarkonium as a laboratory for QCD and a probe for physics beyond the Standard Model, while highlighting unresolved theoretical challenges. Future programs at the LHC, Belle II, and BESIII promise greater precision and new discoveries.
ER -