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Peer-reviewedCC BYResearch (Washington, D.C.)

Laser Vibrometry and Dispersion Analysis-Enabled Mechanical Property Characterization for Additively Manufactured Thermoset Composites.

  • Bowen Cai1,2
  • Andrew Moomaw3
  • Yingshan Du4
  • Teng Li3
  • Jiali Li3
  • Luyu Bo3
  • Rani Sullivan1
  • Wayne Huberty2
  • Chuangchuang Sun5
  • Zhenhua Tian3
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
  2. 2Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.
  3. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
  4. 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
  5. 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
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Abstract

Large-format additive manufacturing of thermoset composites enables rapid fabrication of large structures, but nondestructive characterization of their print-path-dependent mechanical behavior remains difficult. Existing qualification routes rely mainly on destructive coupon testing or defect-oriented nondestructive evaluation and therefore provide limited capability for targeted mapping of direction-dependent mechanical variability. This study presents a piezoelectric transducer-laser Doppler vibrometry framework for direction-conditioned dispersion inversion of full-field guided wave measurements in additively manufactured thermoset composites. The method decomposes the frequency-wavenumber spectrum by propagation angle and independently fits the extracted dispersion data in each propagation direction to obtain scan-region-specific effective shear-wave velocity, an effective Poisson's-ratio parameter, and effective-modulus responses as functions of propagation direction. Benchmark testing on an isotropic aluminum plate validates that the workflow recovers isotropic guided wave behavior without introducing artificial angular bias. Applied to a chopped-carbon-fiber thermoset composite, the framework reveals print-path-dependent anisotropic wave propagation through elliptical wavefields and frequency-wavenumber spectra. The resulting effective stiffness estimates reproduce the direction-dependent stiffness variation and approximate magnitude observed in conventional tensile measurements, supporting the mechanical relevance of the guided wave-derived response. By converting full-field guided wave measurements into scan-region-specific, direction-resolved effective-stiffness estimates, this work provides a practical nondestructive route to support quality control, process validation, and structural evaluation of aerospace composite tooling manufactured by large-format thermoset additive manufacturing.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{cai2026laser,
  title = {{Laser Vibrometry and Dispersion Analysis-Enabled Mechanical Property Characterization for Additively Manufactured Thermoset Composites.}},
  author = {Bowen Cai and Andrew Moomaw and Yingshan Du and Teng Li and Jiali Li and Luyu Bo and Rani Sullivan and Wayne Huberty and Chuangchuang Sun and Zhenhua Tian},
  journal = {Research (Washington, D.C.)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.34133/research.1455},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898699},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Laser Vibrometry and Dispersion Analysis-Enabled Mechanical Property Characterization for Additively Manufactured Thermoset Composites.
AU  - Bowen Cai
AU  - Andrew Moomaw
AU  - Yingshan Du
AU  - Teng Li
AU  - Jiali Li
AU  - Luyu Bo
AU  - Rani Sullivan
AU  - Wayne Huberty
AU  - Chuangchuang Sun
AU  - Zhenhua Tian
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - Research (Washington, D.C.)
DO  - 10.34133/research.1455
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898699
AB  - Large-format additive manufacturing of thermoset composites enables rapid fabrication of large structures, but nondestructive characterization of their print-path-dependent mechanical behavior remains difficult. Existing qualification routes rely mainly on destructive coupon testing or defect-oriented nondestructive evaluation and therefore provide limited capability for targeted mapping of direction-dependent mechanical variability. This study presents a piezoelectric transducer-laser Doppler vibrometry framework for direction-conditioned dispersion inversion of full-field guided wave measurements in additively manufactured thermoset composites. The method decomposes the frequency-wavenumber spectrum by propagation angle and independently fits the extracted dispersion data in each propagation direction to obtain scan-region-specific effective shear-wave velocity, an effective Poisson's-ratio parameter, and effective-modulus responses as functions of propagation direction. Benchmark testing on an isotropic aluminum plate validates that the workflow recovers isotropic guided wave behavior without introducing artificial angular bias. Applied to a chopped-carbon-fiber thermoset composite, the framework reveals print-path-dependent anisotropic wave propagation through elliptical wavefields and frequency-wavenumber spectra. The resulting effective stiffness estimates reproduce the direction-dependent stiffness variation and approximate magnitude observed in conventional tensile measurements, supporting the mechanical relevance of the guided wave-derived response. By converting full-field guided wave measurements into scan-region-specific, direction-resolved effective-stiffness estimates, this work provides a practical nondestructive route to support quality control, process validation, and structural evaluation of aerospace composite tooling manufactured by large-format thermoset additive manufacturing.
SN  - 2639-5274
ER  -