Magnesium Silicate-Based Cement with Moderated Alkalinity: Physicochemical Characterization and Human Dental Pulp Cell Responses
- 1Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (H.W.); (Y.-J.A.)
- 2Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (J.M.K.)
- 3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
Abstract
To establish a lower-alkalinity alternative to calcium silicate-based endodontic materials, this study developed a self-setting magnesium silicate-based cement (MSC) that hardens through magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) formation. MSC was formulated from magnesium oxide, reactive silica, and zirconium oxide. Hydration and phase evolution were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, thermodynamic modeling, and scanning electron microscopy. pH, early penetration resistance, and compressive strength were compared with ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and cement extracts were evaluated for human dental pulp cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular calcium mobilization, and YAP localization. MSC hydration involved progressive Mg(OH)₂ consumption and formation of an M-S-H-rich matrix. Its pH decreased from approximately 9.7 to 8.9, whereas MTA remained near pH 12. The lower-water formulation containing additives exceeded 40 MPa in compressive strength at 28 days and showed greater early penetration resistance. MSC-0.3 extracts showed higher 7-day cell viability than ProRoot MTA at 1:4 and 1:8 dilutions, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, were accompanied by increased intracellular calcium fluorescence that was not observed following NPS 2143 pretreatment, and increased nuclear YAP localization. These findings identify MSC as a functional cement platform combining moderated alkalinity, progressive strength development, and favorable early pulp-cell responses.
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BibTeX
@article{lee2026magnesium,
title = {{Magnesium Silicate-Based Cement with Moderated Alkalinity: Physicochemical Characterization and Human Dental Pulp Cell Responses}},
author = {Yoon Seon Lee and HyeRyoung Wang and Yu-Jin Ahn and So Young Park and Jihoon Lee and Jin Man Kim and Juhyuk Moon and Won Jun Shon},
journal = {Journal of functional biomaterials},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/jfb17100502},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13705994},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Magnesium Silicate-Based Cement with Moderated Alkalinity: Physicochemical Characterization and Human Dental Pulp Cell Responses
AU - Yoon Seon Lee
AU - HyeRyoung Wang
AU - Yu-Jin Ahn
AU - So Young Park
AU - Jihoon Lee
AU - Jin Man Kim
AU - Juhyuk Moon
AU - Won Jun Shon
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Journal of functional biomaterials
DO - 10.3390/jfb17100502
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13705994
AB - To establish a lower-alkalinity alternative to calcium silicate-based endodontic materials, this study developed a self-setting magnesium silicate-based cement (MSC) that hardens through magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) formation. MSC was formulated from magnesium oxide, reactive silica, and zirconium oxide. Hydration and phase evolution were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, thermodynamic modeling, and scanning electron microscopy. pH, early penetration resistance, and compressive strength were compared with ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and cement extracts were evaluated for human dental pulp cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular calcium mobilization, and YAP localization. MSC hydration involved progressive Mg(OH)₂ consumption and formation of an M-S-H-rich matrix. Its pH decreased from approximately 9.7 to 8.9, whereas MTA remained near pH 12. The lower-water formulation containing additives exceeded 40 MPa in compressive strength at 28 days and showed greater early penetration resistance. MSC-0.3 extracts showed higher 7-day cell viability than ProRoot MTA at 1:4 and 1:8 dilutions, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, were accompanied by increased intracellular calcium fluorescence that was not observed following NPS 2143 pretreatment, and increased nuclear YAP localization. These findings identify MSC as a functional cement platform combining moderated alkalinity, progressive strength development, and favorable early pulp-cell responses.
SN - 2079-4983
ER -