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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Experimental study of TPU and SEBS additively manufactured leaflets for novel aortic valve polymer TAVI prosthesis

  • Alex G. Kuchumov1,2
  • Denis Khoroshev1,2
  • Aleksandra Kutuzova2
  • Aleksei Baranov3
  • Oleg Krestyaninov4
  • Ekaterina Barbashina1,2
  • Pavel Zelenchuk1
  • Edward Matjeka5
  • Thanyani Pandelani5
  • Fulufhelo Nemavhola6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Research Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
  2. 2Biofluids Laboratory, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
  3. 3Endovascular Surgery Department, E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
  4. 4Endovascular Surgery Department, Center of Surgery named after A. Vishnevsky, Moscow, Russia
  5. 5Department of Mechanical, Bioresources and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
  6. 6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Abstract

Background and Objective: Transcatheter valve implantation is a cutting-edge technology for high and low risk patients with aortic stenosis. Bioprosthetic valves are limited due to several disadvantages as a long-term durability and structural valve degeneration. Polymeric aortic valve leaflet devices represent state-of-the-art technology to overcome limitations of bioprostheses. Nevertheless, more recent biocompatible and biostable polymers have revealed a significant potential. Additionally, 3D additive manufacturing opens new paths for patient-specific design of biomedical implants. Flexible polymers may not only mimic native aortic valve, but also may improve long-term durability. Polyurethanes and styrene polymers are promising materials for modern polymer valves. Nevertheless, mechanical properties of additive manufactured TPU or SEBS leaflets are not properly studied.

Methods: Experimental study of TPU and SEBS samples and aortic valve leaflets for novel aortic valve polymer TAVI prosthesis is presented. Tensile tests and compression tests of three types of FDM-printed samples with various filament alignments (axial alignment, transversal alignment, diagonal alignment) were performed. The results of tests confirmed that longitudinal axial alignment achieve a maximum stress compared to transversal and diagonal directions. Compressive tests of TPU and SEBS 3D-manufactured aortic valve leaflets with digital image correlation technology were performed. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio were evaluated. Moreover, parameters of constitutive models were found.

Results: The TPU tensile specimen exhibits the highest stress/strain values at a speed of 100 mm/min, regardless of the filament alignment pattern. Slightly lower results are observed at a speed of 50 mm/min, which is likely associated with a wide range of plastic deformation. In the case of SEBS, a different pattern is observed: at 500 mm/min, it demonstrates high resistance to fracture, unlike TPU. A comparison of TPU and SEBS specimens at the same speeds and with the same alignment, based on maximum stress values, shows a minimal difference of 4% with the axial alignment at a speed of 50 mm/min; however, when comparing strains, the difference increases to 90%. The results of the compression experiment on aortic valve specimens made of TPU and SEBS at a speed of 30 mm/min showed that TPU force values for is considerably lower (4% of the maximum case), while for SEBS the spread increases to 20% of the maximum case.

Conclusion: SEBS aortic valve leaflets were shown to be stiffer than TPU. It can be a step for choice of stiffer/softer leaflets for patient-specific device. The proposed approach can help manufacturers in elaboration and manufacturing of new TAVI polymer devices design made of TPU and SEBS polymers for clinical applications.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kuchumov2026experimental,
  title = {{Experimental study of TPU and SEBS additively manufactured leaflets for novel aortic valve polymer TAVI prosthesis}},
  author = {Alex G. Kuchumov and Denis Khoroshev and Aleksandra Kutuzova and Aleksei Baranov and Oleg Krestyaninov and Ekaterina Barbashina and Pavel Zelenchuk and Edward Matjeka and Thanyani Pandelani and Fulufhelo Nemavhola},
  journal = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2026.1959014},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1959014},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Experimental study of TPU and SEBS additively manufactured leaflets for novel aortic valve polymer TAVI prosthesis
AU  - Alex G. Kuchumov
AU  - Denis Khoroshev
AU  - Aleksandra Kutuzova
AU  - Aleksei Baranov
AU  - Oleg Krestyaninov
AU  - Ekaterina Barbashina
AU  - Pavel Zelenchuk
AU  - Edward Matjeka
AU  - Thanyani Pandelani
AU  - Fulufhelo Nemavhola
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/21
JO  - Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
DO  - 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1959014
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1959014
AB  - Background and Objective: Transcatheter valve implantation is a cutting-edge technology for high and low risk patients with aortic stenosis. Bioprosthetic valves are limited due to several disadvantages as a long-term durability and structural valve degeneration. Polymeric aortic valve leaflet devices represent state-of-the-art technology to overcome limitations of bioprostheses. Nevertheless, more recent biocompatible and biostable polymers have revealed a significant potential. Additionally, 3D additive manufacturing opens new paths for patient-specific design of biomedical implants. Flexible polymers may not only mimic native aortic valve, but also may improve long-term durability. Polyurethanes and styrene polymers are promising materials for modern polymer valves. Nevertheless, mechanical properties of additive manufactured TPU or SEBS leaflets are not properly studied.  Methods: Experimental study of TPU and SEBS samples and aortic valve leaflets for novel aortic valve polymer TAVI prosthesis is presented. Tensile tests and compression tests of three types of FDM-printed samples with various filament alignments (axial alignment, transversal alignment, diagonal alignment) were performed. The results of tests confirmed that longitudinal axial alignment achieve a maximum stress compared to transversal and diagonal directions. Compressive tests of TPU and SEBS 3D-manufactured aortic valve leaflets with digital image correlation technology were performed. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio were evaluated. Moreover, parameters of constitutive models were found.  Results: The TPU tensile specimen exhibits the highest stress/strain values at a speed of 100 mm/min, regardless of the filament alignment pattern. Slightly lower results are observed at a speed of 50 mm/min, which is likely associated with a wide range of plastic deformation. In the case of SEBS, a different pattern is observed: at 500 mm/min, it demonstrates high resistance to fracture, unlike TPU. A comparison of TPU and SEBS specimens at the same speeds and with the same alignment, based on maximum stress values, shows a minimal difference of 4% with the axial alignment at a speed of 50 mm/min; however, when comparing strains, the difference increases to 90%. The results of the compression experiment on aortic valve specimens made of TPU and SEBS at a speed of 30 mm/min showed that TPU force values for is considerably lower (4% of the maximum case), while for SEBS the spread increases to 20% of the maximum case.  Conclusion: SEBS aortic valve leaflets were shown to be stiffer than TPU. It can be a step for choice of stiffer/softer leaflets for patient-specific device. The proposed approach can help manufacturers in elaboration and manufacturing of new TAVI polymer devices design made of TPU and SEBS polymers for clinical applications.
SN  - 2296-4185
ER  -