Skip to content
DraconiticResearch
Search Sources API
197,768 studies31 sourcesUpdated 8 min ago
Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-SA 4.0Annals of African Medicine

Mycoplasma-induced Rash and Mucositis: A Distinct Pediatric Entity from India

  • Ramees Fathima Shamsuddin1
  • Prasanna Raju1
  • Vimalraj Vijayakumar1
  • Sugapriya Paranjothi1
  1. 1SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
Read full textDOICite

Abstract

Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a recently recognized mucocutaneous disorder, often misdiagnosed as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or erythema multiforme (EM). We report a 6-year-old boy presenting with fever, cough, and cold, followed by painful oral ulcerations, conjunctivitis, genital mucositis, and generalized vesiculobullous rash. He was on levetiracetam for a prior unprovoked seizure, raising suspicion of drug reaction. Initial differentials included SJS, TEN, EM, and Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Laboratory findings showed leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Immunoglobulin M, while Herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction was negative. Histopathology revealed liquefactive necrosis with lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. Despite intravenous antibiotics, antivirals, and immunoglobulin, there was no improvement until pulse methylprednisolone was initiated. He was discharged on tapering oral steroids and doxycycline, with complete mucosal healing on follow-up. As there is no clear-cut distinction between histopathological findings of EM and MIRM, reporting biopsy changes whenever feasible is essential. Early recognition, targeted antibiotics, and timely immunomodulation are key to favorable outcomes.

Related

  1. Extraoral Versus Intraoral Photobiomodulation for the Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Patients Undergoing High-Dose Methotrexate Chemotherapy.
    Mariana Lena Sassi, Nicoly Ghilardi Cardoso, Rafael Zancan Mobile +7
    Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMCPMC
  2. Assessment of predictive efficacy for prognosis of pediatric severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: a comprehensive study based on high-resolution computed tomography imaging and platelet parameters
    Xiaoli Zhang, Wenzhuo Liu, Xiaohua Song +4
    Translational pediatricsPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMC
  3. Comparable efficacy of extraoral and intraoral photobiomodulation in preventing oral mucositis during high-dose methotrexate therapy in pediatric oncology: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.
    Isabela de Oliveira Plugge Freitas, Isabela Schuartz, Giovanna Leal Klein Renz +5
    Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in CancerPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMC
  4. FLASH reduces radiation-induced oral mucositis in a mouse model of Fanconi anemia
    Phoebe Loo, Margaret Pan, Man Zhao +12
    Clinical and Translational Radiation OncologyPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textOncologyDOAJEurope PMCPMC
  5. Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma With Bilayered Architecture and TP53 Alteration: A Diagnostic Pitfall and a Potential Distinct Entity.
    Yao Liu, Biao Zhang, Xiaobin Cui +1
    Thoracic cancerPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMCPMC

Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{shamsuddin2026mycoplasmainduced,
  title = {{Mycoplasma-induced Rash and Mucositis: A Distinct Pediatric Entity from India}},
  author = {Ramees Fathima Shamsuddin and Prasanna Raju and Vimalraj Vijayakumar and Sugapriya Paranjothi},
  journal = {Annals of African Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.4103/aam.aam_115_26},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_115_26},
  note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mycoplasma-induced Rash and Mucositis: A Distinct Pediatric Entity from India
AU  - Ramees Fathima Shamsuddin
AU  - Prasanna Raju
AU  - Vimalraj Vijayakumar
AU  - Sugapriya Paranjothi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/30
JO  - Annals of African Medicine
DO  - 10.4103/aam.aam_115_26
UR  - https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_115_26
AB  - Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a recently recognized mucocutaneous disorder, often misdiagnosed as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or erythema multiforme (EM). We report a 6-year-old boy presenting with fever, cough, and cold, followed by painful oral ulcerations, conjunctivitis, genital mucositis, and generalized vesiculobullous rash. He was on levetiracetam for a prior unprovoked seizure, raising suspicion of drug reaction. Initial differentials included SJS, TEN, EM, and Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Laboratory findings showed leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Immunoglobulin M, while Herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction was negative. Histopathology revealed liquefactive necrosis with lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. Despite intravenous antibiotics, antivirals, and immunoglobulin, there was no improvement until pulse methylprednisolone was initiated. He was discharged on tapering oral steroids and doxycycline, with complete mucosal healing on follow-up. As there is no clear-cut distinction between histopathological findings of EM and MIRM, reporting biopsy changes whenever feasible is essential. Early recognition, targeted antibiotics, and timely immunomodulation are key to favorable outcomes.
SN  - 1596-3519
SN  - 0975-5764
ER  -