Global disparities in the availability and reimbursement of systemic therapies for renal cell carcinoma: results of the International ARON-AID Survey.

@article{urun2026global,
  title = {{Global disparities in the availability and reimbursement of systemic therapies for renal cell carcinoma: results of the International ARON-AID Survey.}},
  author = {Yuksel Urun and Kannan Sridharan and Anca Zgura and Anas Zayed and Martin Ignacio Zapata Laguado and Tarkan Yetisyigit and Akihiro Yano and Mike Wenzel and Nuno Vau and Deniz Tural and Karine Trindade and Ben Tran and Frederic Ivan Leong Ting and Arnoud J Templeton and Hideki Takeshita and Kaisa Sunela and Vinicius Carrera Souza and Mopa Alina Sooro and Andrey Soares and Shankar Siva and Ashish Singh and Glauco Silveira and Shamik Shah and Emmanuel Seront and Fabio A Schutz and Maitê de Liz Vassen Schurmann and Timothy Schieber and Sarah Scagliarini and Amalya Sargsyan and Carlos Salinas Simonetti and Marine Rushanyan and Giandomenico Roviello and Alejo Rodriguez-Vida and Orion Erenhu Rodriguez Gonzalez and Robin Roberts and Astrid A M Van der Veldt and Mimma Rizzo and Alessandro Rizzo and Alexandr Poprach and Alina Pirshtuk and Alvaro Pinto and Erin Pierce and Jose Mauricio Peñaloza and Martino Pedrani and Se Hoon Park and Ibukun Adewumi Okunade and Karen Flora Odounga and Julio Noriega and Edriss Noorzai and Maria Tereza Nieto Coronel and Jiri Navratil and Zin W Myint and Vladan Mutavdzic and Olivier Mukuku and Robert Mugarura and Fernando Sabino Marques Monteiro and Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed and Daniel Mmereki and Carlo Messina and Bohuslav Melichar},
  journal = {The oncologist},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyag397},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42836687},
  note = {CC BY},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global disparities in the availability and reimbursement of systemic therapies for renal cell carcinoma: results of the International ARON-AID Survey.
AU  - Yuksel Urun
AU  - Kannan Sridharan
AU  - Anca Zgura
AU  - Anas Zayed
AU  - Martin Ignacio Zapata Laguado
AU  - Tarkan Yetisyigit
AU  - Akihiro Yano
AU  - Mike Wenzel
AU  - Nuno Vau
AU  - Deniz Tural
AU  - Karine Trindade
AU  - Ben Tran
AU  - Frederic Ivan Leong Ting
AU  - Arnoud J Templeton
AU  - Hideki Takeshita
AU  - Kaisa Sunela
AU  - Vinicius Carrera Souza
AU  - Mopa Alina Sooro
AU  - Andrey Soares
AU  - Shankar Siva
AU  - Ashish Singh
AU  - Glauco Silveira
AU  - Shamik Shah
AU  - Emmanuel Seront
AU  - Fabio A Schutz
AU  - Maitê de Liz Vassen Schurmann
AU  - Timothy Schieber
AU  - Sarah Scagliarini
AU  - Amalya Sargsyan
AU  - Carlos Salinas Simonetti
AU  - Marine Rushanyan
AU  - Giandomenico Roviello
AU  - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
AU  - Orion Erenhu Rodriguez Gonzalez
AU  - Robin Roberts
AU  - Astrid A M Van der Veldt
AU  - Mimma Rizzo
AU  - Alessandro Rizzo
AU  - Alexandr Poprach
AU  - Alina Pirshtuk
AU  - Alvaro Pinto
AU  - Erin Pierce
AU  - Jose Mauricio Peñaloza
AU  - Martino Pedrani
AU  - Se Hoon Park
AU  - Ibukun Adewumi Okunade
AU  - Karen Flora Odounga
AU  - Julio Noriega
AU  - Edriss Noorzai
AU  - Maria Tereza Nieto Coronel
AU  - Jiri Navratil
AU  - Zin W Myint
AU  - Vladan Mutavdzic
AU  - Olivier Mukuku
AU  - Robert Mugarura
AU  - Fernando Sabino Marques Monteiro
AU  - Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed
AU  - Daniel Mmereki
AU  - Carlo Messina
AU  - Bohuslav Melichar
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - The oncologist
DO  - 10.1093/oncolo/oyag397
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42836687
AB  - Background  Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) represents a growing global health burden, with rising incidence and mortality worldwide. Despite major therapeutic advances, access to novel systemic treatments remains uneven across countries and regions.Methods  We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based international survey to assess the availability and reimbursement status of 20 innovative systemic therapies for RCC. Responses were collected from 144 clinicians, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, urologists, and nuclear medicine specialists, across 58 countries. Analyses examined associations between national income level, gross domestic product (GDP), and treatment availability.Findings  Thirty-six percent of the countries analyzed had at least 15 of the 20 therapies available. Full reimbursement for at least 15 of the selected innovative therapies was reported in six countries (10%), while 21 countries (36%) fully reimbursed 10-14 therapies and 13 countries (23%) reimbursed 1-9 therapies. In contrast, no full reimbursement for any of the assessed therapies was reported in 18 countries (31%). Higher national income level was significantly associated with greater availability of innovative therapies (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < .0001). Armenia (0.709), Greece (0.685), and Israel (0.666) exhibited the highest GDP-adjusted Drug Availability Index (DAI), whereas India (5.195), Nigeria (4.612), and Morocco (3.794) demonstrated the greatest number of available therapies per US$1000 of GDP per capita.Interpretation  Access to innovative systemic therapies for RCC remains highly unequal at the global level, with reimbursement posing a major barrier even where drugs are available. Internationally coordinated efforts addressing health policy, infrastructure, and equitable pricing are urgently required to ensure that advances in RCC treatment translate into improved outcomes for patients across diverse economic settings.
SN  - 1083-7159
SN  - 1549-490X
ER  -