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Peer-reviewedCC BYClinical oral investigations

Impact of different post-polymerization protocols on fracture load and two-body wear of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses.

  • Sophie Gekle1
  • Bogna Stawarczyk2,3
  • Felicitas Mayinger2,4
  • Ursula Kreitmair5
  • Moritz Hoffmann2
  • John Meinen2
  • Marcel Reymus6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, Munich, 80336, Germany. [email protected].
  2. 2Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, Munich, 80336, Germany.
  3. 3Biomaterials and Technology, Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
  4. 4Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
  5. 5NK Optik GmbH, Baierbrunn, Germany.
  6. 6Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate five post-polymerization protocols (385, 400 and 460 nm LEDs; one- and two-capacitor flashlights) and aging on fracture load (FL) and two-body wear (TBW) of three 3D-printed resins for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).Materials and methods

360 single-unit FDPs for mandibular molars were DLP-printed from two permanent resins (Varseo Smile CrownPlus [VAR], Crowntec [CRO]) and one temporary resin (Freeprint temp [FRE]). Half was artificially aged (480,000 mastication cycles, thermocycling 5/55°C). FL was measured in a universal testing machine, TBW by laser scanning. Data were analysed with three-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05).Results

The protocol (p < 0.001) and the material (p < 0.001) significantly affected FL, whereas aging showed no significant main effect (p = 0.100); the three-way interaction was significant (p = 0.009). Initially, 460 nm yielded the highest FL for VAR (1505 ± 251 N) and FRE (1910 ± 237 N), the two-capacitor flashlight for CRO (1783 ± 333 N). Aging increased FL significantly in two and decreased it in three of 15 combinations. TBW (- 0.16 to - 0.35 mm) did not differ between protocols or materials.Conclusions

The protocol effect on FL depended on the material and the aging level. Aging had no overall effect but increased FL in two combinations, possibly through continued polymerization. Protocol selection should consider the material.Clinical relevance

Mean fracture loads exceeded reported maximum molar bite forces, although individual specimens failed below that range. Two-capacitor flashlight post-curing gave the most consistent performance for the materials tested.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{gekle2026impact,
  title = {{Impact of different post-polymerization protocols on fracture load and two-body wear of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses.}},
  author = {Sophie Gekle and Bogna Stawarczyk and Felicitas Mayinger and Ursula Kreitmair and Moritz Hoffmann and John Meinen and Marcel Reymus},
  journal = {Clinical oral investigations},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1007/s00784-026-07232-9},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42907690},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of different post-polymerization protocols on fracture load and two-body wear of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses.
AU  - Sophie Gekle
AU  - Bogna Stawarczyk
AU  - Felicitas Mayinger
AU  - Ursula Kreitmair
AU  - Moritz Hoffmann
AU  - John Meinen
AU  - Marcel Reymus
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/22
JO  - Clinical oral investigations
DO  - 10.1007/s00784-026-07232-9
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42907690
AB  - Objectives  To evaluate five post-polymerization protocols (385, 400 and 460 nm LEDs; one- and two-capacitor flashlights) and aging on fracture load (FL) and two-body wear (TBW) of three 3D-printed resins for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).Materials and methods  360 single-unit FDPs for mandibular molars were DLP-printed from two permanent resins (Varseo Smile CrownPlus [VAR], Crowntec [CRO]) and one temporary resin (Freeprint temp [FRE]). Half was artificially aged (480,000 mastication cycles, thermocycling 5/55°C). FL was measured in a universal testing machine, TBW by laser scanning. Data were analysed with three-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05).Results  The protocol (p < 0.001) and the material (p < 0.001) significantly affected FL, whereas aging showed no significant main effect (p = 0.100); the three-way interaction was significant (p = 0.009). Initially, 460 nm yielded the highest FL for VAR (1505 ± 251 N) and FRE (1910 ± 237 N), the two-capacitor flashlight for CRO (1783 ± 333 N). Aging increased FL significantly in two and decreased it in three of 15 combinations. TBW (- 0.16 to - 0.35 mm) did not differ between protocols or materials.Conclusions  The protocol effect on FL depended on the material and the aging level. Aging had no overall effect but increased FL in two combinations, possibly through continued polymerization. Protocol selection should consider the material.Clinical relevance  Mean fracture loads exceeded reported maximum molar bite forces, although individual specimens failed below that range. Two-capacitor flashlight post-curing gave the most consistent performance for the materials tested.
SN  - 1432-6981
SN  - 1436-3771
ER  -