Histological control data in target and non-target organs versus induced findings from 74 amphibian metamorphosis assays (AMAs) using the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- 1AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
- 2Kühn Pathologie AG, Rothusstrasse 2, 6331 Hünenberg, Switzerland
Abstract
Histopathological data from solvent control tadpoles (n=2,065) were compiled from 74 amphibian metamorphosis assay (AMA) studies evaluated at AnaPath Services GmbH between March 2019 and October 2025. The median Nieuwkoop and Faber stage was 59 (range, 55–63) across all control groups. The four core diagnoses (follicular cell hypertrophy or hyperplasia and thyroid hypertrophy or atrophy) for the histopathological evaluation of tadpole thyroid glands in AMA studies were observed at prevalences of <5% in solvent control groups. The low incidence of these core diagnoses reflects consideration of the normal morphology expected at a defined developmental stage. Lesions in non-target tissues of solvent controls were limited in number and variability. Selected treatment-related thyroid gland and non-target organ lesions are included as examples.
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BibTeX
@article{ortega2026histological,
title = {{Histological control data in target and non-target organs versus induced findings from 74 amphibian metamorphosis assays (AMAs) using the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)}},
author = {Paula Ortega and Tanja Razinger and Olivia Kristina Richard and Laura Polledo and Ricardo de Miguel and Raquel Vallejo and Katja Scharbert and Victor Antoraz Martin and Kristel Kegler and Robert Kreuzer and Yoshimasa Okazaki and Nils Warfving and Klaus Weber},
journal = {Journal of Toxicologic Pathology},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1293/tox.2026-0005},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1293/tox.2026-0005},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Histological control data in target and non-target organs versus induced findings from 74 amphibian metamorphosis assays (AMAs) using the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
AU - Paula Ortega
AU - Tanja Razinger
AU - Olivia Kristina Richard
AU - Laura Polledo
AU - Ricardo de Miguel
AU - Raquel Vallejo
AU - Katja Scharbert
AU - Victor Antoraz Martin
AU - Kristel Kegler
AU - Robert Kreuzer
AU - Yoshimasa Okazaki
AU - Nils Warfving
AU - Klaus Weber
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/28
JO - Journal of Toxicologic Pathology
DO - 10.1293/tox.2026-0005
UR - https://doi.org/10.1293/tox.2026-0005
AB - Histopathological data from solvent control tadpoles (n=2,065) were compiled from 74 amphibian metamorphosis assay (AMA) studies evaluated at AnaPath Services GmbH between March 2019 and October 2025. The median Nieuwkoop and Faber stage was 59 (range, 55–63) across all control groups. The four core diagnoses (follicular cell hypertrophy or hyperplasia and thyroid hypertrophy or atrophy) for the histopathological evaluation of tadpole thyroid glands in AMA studies were observed at prevalences of <5% in solvent control groups. The low incidence of these core diagnoses reflects consideration of the normal morphology expected at a defined developmental stage. Lesions in non-target tissues of solvent controls were limited in number and variability. Selected treatment-related thyroid gland and non-target organ lesions are included as examples.
SN - 0914-9198
SN - 1881-915X
ER -