Manganese Ferrite/Guava Leaf Nano-Bio Composite for Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Water
8 affiliations
- 1Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- 2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- 3Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
- 4Department of Chemistry, University Duba College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- 5Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
- 6Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- 7Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- 8Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
Abstract
In this study, manganese ferrite was grown on the surface of a low-cost powder substrate of a guava leaf using the co-precipitation method. The resulting material was characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The composite was formed through the electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions between the manganese ferrite nanoparticles, and the functional groups present on the guava leaf substrate; consequently, a high content of functional groups was observed in the synthesized composite through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average size of the nanoparticles grown on the guava leaf substrate was determined to be between 3 and 5 nanometers. The synthesized composite material was utilized for adsorption applications, employing Methylene blue dye as a model adsorbate. Methylene blue was removed from the aqueous solutions under various conditions—including variations in the pH, contact time, temperature, and concentration. Under optimal conditions, it was observed that an adsorbent dosage of 2 g L−1 was capable of removing approximately 99% of the dye from a 10 mg L−1 dye solution at pH 7. The dye removal efficiency (%) decreased with the increasing temperature, indicating an exothermic process; this was further confirmed by the thermodynamic parameter analysis (specifically, the change in enthalpy, or ΔH), which yielded a negative value. Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) also yielded a negative value, signifying the feasibility and spontaneity of the adsorption process. In this study, the adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model, with the value of ‘n’ falling between 1 and 10, which is indicative of heterogeneous adsorption. The adsorption kinetics were determined to follow a pseudo-second-order model, and the overall rate-limiting step of the process was identified as intraparticle diffusion. To assess the sustainability and stability of the adsorbent, regeneration and reusability experiments were conducted. The results revealed that the modified guava leaf performed effectively for up to five cycles, achieving an adsorption efficiency of approximately 24% after the final cycle. Thus, the developed adsorbent proved to be an effective material for the removal of Methylene blue dye.
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BibTeX
@article{abdulla2026manganese,
title = {{Manganese Ferrite/Guava Leaf Nano-Bio Composite for Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Water}},
author = {Noufal Komby Abdulla and Elham A. Alzahrani and Ghaida H. Munshi and Abeer Mohammed Al-Balawi and Salwa D. Al-Malwi and Naha Meslet Alsebaii and Sumbul Hafeez and Seungdae Oh and Saif Ali Chaudhry},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = may,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31101754},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31101754},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Manganese Ferrite/Guava Leaf Nano-Bio Composite for Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Water
AU - Noufal Komby Abdulla
AU - Elham A. Alzahrani
AU - Ghaida H. Munshi
AU - Abeer Mohammed Al-Balawi
AU - Salwa D. Al-Malwi
AU - Naha Meslet Alsebaii
AU - Sumbul Hafeez
AU - Seungdae Oh
AU - Saif Ali Chaudhry
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/20
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31101754
UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31101754
AB - In this study, manganese ferrite was grown on the surface of a low-cost powder substrate of a guava leaf using the co-precipitation method. The resulting material was characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The composite was formed through the electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions between the manganese ferrite nanoparticles, and the functional groups present on the guava leaf substrate; consequently, a high content of functional groups was observed in the synthesized composite through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average size of the nanoparticles grown on the guava leaf substrate was determined to be between 3 and 5 nanometers. The synthesized composite material was utilized for adsorption applications, employing Methylene blue dye as a model adsorbate. Methylene blue was removed from the aqueous solutions under various conditions—including variations in the pH, contact time, temperature, and concentration. Under optimal conditions, it was observed that an adsorbent dosage of 2 g L−1 was capable of removing approximately 99% of the dye from a 10 mg L−1 dye solution at pH 7. The dye removal efficiency (%) decreased with the increasing temperature, indicating an exothermic process; this was further confirmed by the thermodynamic parameter analysis (specifically, the change in enthalpy, or ΔH), which yielded a negative value. Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) also yielded a negative value, signifying the feasibility and spontaneity of the adsorption process. In this study, the adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model, with the value of ‘n’ falling between 1 and 10, which is indicative of heterogeneous adsorption. The adsorption kinetics were determined to follow a pseudo-second-order model, and the overall rate-limiting step of the process was identified as intraparticle diffusion. To assess the sustainability and stability of the adsorbent, regeneration and reusability experiments were conducted. The results revealed that the modified guava leaf performed effectively for up to five cycles, achieving an adsorption efficiency of approximately 24% after the final cycle. Thus, the developed adsorbent proved to be an effective material for the removal of Methylene blue dye.
SN - 1420-3049
SN - 1433-1373
ER -