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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Immunology

Infectious and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A/ARG/2001 and O1 Campos/Bra/58 differentially affect bovine afferent lymph dendritic cells

  • Valeria Quattrocchi1
  • Ivana Soria1
  • Cecilia Ana Langellotti2
  • Mariela Gammella1
  • Juan Esteban Bidart1,2
  • Sergio Ferraris3
  • Jorge Ernesto Carrillo4
  • Fernando Lange3
  • Verónica Maldonado1
  • Lucas Vagnoni5
  • Bryan Charleston6
  • Patricia I. Zamorano1,2
6 affiliations
  1. 1Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Castelar
  2. 2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
  3. 3Centro de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Maimónides
  4. 4Centro de Investigaciones en Agroindustrias (CIA) – INTA Castelar
  5. 5INTA Agencia de Extensión Rural (AER) Maipú Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) - Cuenca del Salado
  6. 6The Pirbright Institute
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Abstract

Introduction: Dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the initiation of adaptive immune responses by bridging innate and adaptive immunity through antigen presentation to naïve T cells. Current vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) rely on inactivated virus, although infectious and inactivated forms of FMDV can differentially modulate immune function. While these effects have been studied in murine DCs, their impact on bovine dendritic cells remains poorly understood. This study evaluated how antigen form and serotype affect bovine afferent lymph dendritic cells (ALDCs).

Methods: ALDCs collected from bovine lymph, a physiologically relevant migrating DC population, were exposed to infectious or inactivated FMDV serotypes A/ARG/2001 (A2001) and O1 Campos/Bra/58 (O1C), both included in the commercial vaccine used in Argentina. The expression of MHC class II and the co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86, apoptosis, IL-12 production, and lymphocyte proliferation in co-culture assays were evaluated. Viral progeny production and expression of the non-structural protein 3ABC were also assessed.

Results: Infectious A2001 downregulated MHC class II, CD40, and CD86 expression and increased apoptosis, whereas infectious O1C selectively downregulated MHC class II without affecting ALDC viability. In contrast, inactivated viruses from both serotypes upregulated CD40 and CD86 expression, induced IL-12 production, and promoted lymphocyte proliferation in co-culture assays. No infectious progeny was detected in lymph cells following exposure to infectious virus, although expression of the non-structural protein 3ABC was observed in ALDCs exposed to infectious A2001.

Discussion: These findings provide insight into how antigen form and serotype modulate dendritic cell function in cattle, contributing to a better understanding of the immunological basis for FMDV vaccination strategies in livestock.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{quattrocchi2026infectious,
  title = {{Infectious and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A/ARG/2001 and O1 Campos/Bra/58 differentially affect bovine afferent lymph dendritic cells}},
  author = {Valeria Quattrocchi and Ivana Soria and Cecilia Ana Langellotti and Mariela Gammella and Juan Esteban Bidart and Sergio Ferraris and Jorge Ernesto Carrillo and Fernando Lange and Verónica Maldonado and Lucas Vagnoni and Bryan Charleston and Patricia I. Zamorano},
  journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2026.1909847},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1909847/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Infectious and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A/ARG/2001 and O1 Campos/Bra/58 differentially affect bovine afferent lymph dendritic cells
AU  - Valeria Quattrocchi
AU  - Ivana Soria
AU  - Cecilia Ana Langellotti
AU  - Mariela Gammella
AU  - Juan Esteban Bidart
AU  - Sergio Ferraris
AU  - Jorge Ernesto Carrillo
AU  - Fernando Lange
AU  - Verónica Maldonado
AU  - Lucas Vagnoni
AU  - Bryan Charleston
AU  - Patricia I. Zamorano
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
JO  - Frontiers in Immunology
DO  - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1909847
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1909847/full
AB  - Introduction: Dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the initiation of adaptive immune responses by bridging innate and adaptive immunity through antigen presentation to naïve T cells. Current vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) rely on inactivated virus, although infectious and inactivated forms of FMDV can differentially modulate immune function. While these effects have been studied in murine DCs, their impact on bovine dendritic cells remains poorly understood. This study evaluated how antigen form and serotype affect bovine afferent lymph dendritic cells (ALDCs).  Methods: ALDCs collected from bovine lymph, a physiologically relevant migrating DC population, were exposed to infectious or inactivated FMDV serotypes A/ARG/2001 (A2001) and O1 Campos/Bra/58 (O1C), both included in the commercial vaccine used in Argentina. The expression of MHC class II and the co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86, apoptosis, IL-12 production, and lymphocyte proliferation in co-culture assays were evaluated. Viral progeny production and expression of the non-structural protein 3ABC were also assessed.  Results: Infectious A2001 downregulated MHC class II, CD40, and CD86 expression and increased apoptosis, whereas infectious O1C selectively downregulated MHC class II without affecting ALDC viability. In contrast, inactivated viruses from both serotypes upregulated CD40 and CD86 expression, induced IL-12 production, and promoted lymphocyte proliferation in co-culture assays. No infectious progeny was detected in lymph cells following exposure to infectious virus, although expression of the non-structural protein 3ABC was observed in ALDCs exposed to infectious A2001.  Discussion: These findings provide insight into how antigen form and serotype modulate dendritic cell function in cattle, contributing to a better understanding of the immunological basis for FMDV vaccination strategies in livestock.
SN  - 1664-3224
ER  -