Proteomic insights in sepsis: advancing diagnosis, therapeutic targets, and the path to precision medicine
4 affiliations
- 1Grupo de Investigación en Salud (GIS), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad del Cauca, Popayàn, Colombia
- 2Interinstitutional Group on Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
- 3One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- 4Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome driven by a dysregulated host response to infection, leads to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. Despite advancements in supportive care, sepsis remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches to improve outcomes. Proteomic profiling has emerged as a transformative tool, providing detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis and septic shock. Mass spectrometry-based analyses have identified key proteins such as CD14, lysozyme (LYZ), C1QC, C8A, APOB, ORM1, ApoA1, and ApoE, which are involved in inflammation, immune response, complement activation, and lipid metabolism. These biomarkers may complement traditional diagnostic tools by improving molecular characterization, early risk stratification, and the identification of organ dysfunction trajectories, although their clinical superiority over established diagnostic approaches remains to be validated in larger, multicenter cohorts. While ApoA1 and ApoE have been associated with mortality risk and ApoC3 with potentially protective profiles, these findings remain primarily investigational and require validation before being used to guide individualized therapeutic decisions. Additionally, therapeutic targets such as PRDM16 and AMPK show promise in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, while inflammatory mediators like S100 proteins present actionable pathways for intervention. However, translating these proteomic insights into routine clinical practice remains challenging, requiring further research to validate biomarkers and develop effective delivery systems. These findings support a gradual shift toward precision-oriented sepsis research, although further validation is required before proteomic tools can transform routine clinical management.
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BibTeX
@article{saavedratorres2026proteomic,
title = {{Proteomic insights in sepsis: advancing diagnosis, therapeutic targets, and the path to precision medicine}},
author = {Jhan S. Saavedra-Torres and Nelson Adolfo López Garzón and María Virginia Pinzón-Fernández and H. A. Nati-Castillo and Marlon Arias-Intriago and Andrea Tello-De-la-Torre and Kenny Ruiz-Sosa and Andrés López-Cortés and Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy},
journal = {Clinical Proteomics},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12014-026-09611-6},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09611-6},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Proteomic insights in sepsis: advancing diagnosis, therapeutic targets, and the path to precision medicine
AU - Jhan S. Saavedra-Torres
AU - Nelson Adolfo López Garzón
AU - María Virginia Pinzón-Fernández
AU - H. A. Nati-Castillo
AU - Marlon Arias-Intriago
AU - Andrea Tello-De-la-Torre
AU - Kenny Ruiz-Sosa
AU - Andrés López-Cortés
AU - Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/26
JO - Clinical Proteomics
DO - 10.1186/s12014-026-09611-6
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09611-6
AB - Sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome driven by a dysregulated host response to infection, leads to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. Despite advancements in supportive care, sepsis remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches to improve outcomes. Proteomic profiling has emerged as a transformative tool, providing detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis and septic shock. Mass spectrometry-based analyses have identified key proteins such as CD14, lysozyme (LYZ), C1QC, C8A, APOB, ORM1, ApoA1, and ApoE, which are involved in inflammation, immune response, complement activation, and lipid metabolism. These biomarkers may complement traditional diagnostic tools by improving molecular characterization, early risk stratification, and the identification of organ dysfunction trajectories, although their clinical superiority over established diagnostic approaches remains to be validated in larger, multicenter cohorts. While ApoA1 and ApoE have been associated with mortality risk and ApoC3 with potentially protective profiles, these findings remain primarily investigational and require validation before being used to guide individualized therapeutic decisions. Additionally, therapeutic targets such as PRDM16 and AMPK show promise in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, while inflammatory mediators like S100 proteins present actionable pathways for intervention. However, translating these proteomic insights into routine clinical practice remains challenging, requiring further research to validate biomarkers and develop effective delivery systems. These findings support a gradual shift toward precision-oriented sepsis research, although further validation is required before proteomic tools can transform routine clinical management.
SN - 1542-6416
SN - 1559-0275
ER -