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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0ACS Omega

Simulation of Electron Trapping in Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes

  • Vasileios Georgakopoulos-Paltidis1,2
  • João Pedro Ferreira Assunção3
  • Mohammad Sedghi3
  • Roland Hany3
  • Matthias Diethelm1
  • Anatoly Dmitrievich Kuimov2
  • Anna Köhler2
  • Beat Ruhstaller1,4
  • Sandra Jenatsch1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Fluxim AG , Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , ,
  2. 2University of Bayreuth , , Universitätsstr. 30 , ,
  3. 3Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , , ,
  4. 4Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW , , Technikumstrasse 9 , ,
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Abstract

Electron trapping in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) operated at constant voltage results in a decrease of current and light emission over many minutes, and the decline becomes more pronounced with decreasing temperature. This seems to contradict the established electron trap formation scenario, which is temperature-activated and therefore decelerates when cooling down. Numerical simulations are performed on the device characteristics of pristine PLEDs and during operation, i.e., when electron traps form. The experimental current and emission trends are explained by a temperature-dependent variation of the trap occupancy, which is determined by the temperature-dependent charge mobilities and capture rates. Matching the simulated electron trap density between the PLED and the electron-only device requires a very slow electron capture rate, which is reasoned by the specific electron trap formation process in semiconducting polymers.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{georgakopoulospaltidis2026simulation,
  title = {{Simulation of Electron Trapping in Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes}},
  author = {Vasileios Georgakopoulos-Paltidis and João Pedro Ferreira Assunção and Mohammad Sedghi and Roland Hany and Matthias Diethelm and Anatoly Dmitrievich Kuimov and Anna Köhler and Beat Ruhstaller and Sandra Jenatsch},
  journal = {ACS Omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c05860},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c05860/5466126/Simulation-of-Electron-Trapping-in-Polymer-Light},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Simulation of Electron Trapping in Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes
AU  - Vasileios Georgakopoulos-Paltidis
AU  - João Pedro Ferreira Assunção
AU  - Mohammad Sedghi
AU  - Roland Hany
AU  - Matthias Diethelm
AU  - Anatoly Dmitrievich Kuimov
AU  - Anna Köhler
AU  - Beat Ruhstaller
AU  - Sandra Jenatsch
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/07
JO  - ACS Omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c05860
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c05860/5466126/Simulation-of-Electron-Trapping-in-Polymer-Light
AB  - Electron trapping in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) operated at constant voltage results in a decrease of current and light emission over many minutes, and the decline becomes more pronounced with decreasing temperature. This seems to contradict the established electron trap formation scenario, which is temperature-activated and therefore decelerates when cooling down. Numerical simulations are performed on the device characteristics of pristine PLEDs and during operation, i.e., when electron traps form. The experimental current and emission trends are explained by a temperature-dependent variation of the trap occupancy, which is determined by the temperature-dependent charge mobilities and capture rates. Matching the simulated electron trap density between the PLED and the electron-only device requires a very slow electron capture rate, which is reasoned by the specific electron trap formation process in semiconducting polymers.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -