The impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on human health: a growing concern
Abstract
The excessive production and improper disposal of plastic has led to the contamination of all marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The degradation of this debris in the form of micro-and nanoplastics (MNPs) has resulted in the contamination of food, water, and everyday products, which renders human exposure inevitable whether by ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. The use of plastics additives during the production, or the adsorption of substances in environmental conditions, make it difficult to decipher the toxic mechanisms of these emerging pollutants. They are found in absorption organs (gut, lungs, skin) where they are associated with local dysfunction and inflammation. Through various biological processes, MNPs can cross biological barriers to reach the bloodstream and all irrigated organs, even the placenta, raising the question of foetal contamination. Recent studies demonstrated the ability of these particles to impair metabolism and hormone homeostasis, as well as to induce local inflammation and oxidative stress via specific mechanisms detailed in this review. To provide a comprehensive overview of this pollution problem, this review also presents regulatory data and possible large-scale action levers based on economic models.
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BibTeX
@article{gaillard2026impact,
title = {{The impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on human health: a growing concern}},
author = {Lucas Gaillard and Etienne B Blanc and Karine Andréau and Xavier Coumoul},
journal = {Biochimie},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.1016/j.biochi.2026.06.011},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05799308v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - The impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on human health: a growing concern
AU - Lucas Gaillard
AU - Etienne B Blanc
AU - Karine Andréau
AU - Xavier Coumoul
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/24
JO - Biochimie
DO - 10.1016/j.biochi.2026.06.011
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05799308v1
AB - The excessive production and improper disposal of plastic has led to the contamination of all marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The degradation of this debris in the form of micro-and nanoplastics (MNPs) has resulted in the contamination of food, water, and everyday products, which renders human exposure inevitable whether by ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. The use of plastics additives during the production, or the adsorption of substances in environmental conditions, make it difficult to decipher the toxic mechanisms of these emerging pollutants. They are found in absorption organs (gut, lungs, skin) where they are associated with local dysfunction and inflammation. Through various biological processes, MNPs can cross biological barriers to reach the bloodstream and all irrigated organs, even the placenta, raising the question of foetal contamination. Recent studies demonstrated the ability of these particles to impair metabolism and hormone homeostasis, as well as to induce local inflammation and oxidative stress via specific mechanisms detailed in this review. To provide a comprehensive overview of this pollution problem, this review also presents regulatory data and possible large-scale action levers based on economic models.
SN - 0300-9084
SN - 1638-6183
ER -