Effect of ytterbium on the microstructure and efficiency of Al-Zn anodes in different chloride concentrations by DNVGL-RP-B401 methods.
- 1Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected].
- 2Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates [email protected].
Abstract
In modern industrial applications, metal structures will be exposed to severe corrosive environments, leading to reduced service life and performance. The use of sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection remains one of the most effective mitigation or prevention methods, where aluminum-based alloys are widely used due to their high current capacity and cost efficiency. This study investigated the effect of the addition of ytterbium (Yb) on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of an Al-Zn sacrificial anode in various aqueous media. Alloys containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% Yb were fabricated and characterized using OES-AAS, XRD, SEM-EDX, metallography, and potentiostat testing, while the efficiency of the anode was evaluated according to the DNVGL-RP-B401 standard. The results showed that Yb acts as a grain refiner, which promotes the formation of the intermetallic compound YbZn₂ along the grain boundaries, resulting in a smoother and more uniform microstructure. The corrosion rate of samples containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% of Yb was 0.38348, 0.12049, 0.10367, and 0.059231 mm per year based on measurements of potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolytes. A decrease in the corrosion rate is experienced as the increased content of Yb is incorporated into the formation of a more uniform grain structure, which forms a more homogeneous anodic dissolution. Based on the anode efficiency test carried out according to the DNVGL-RP-B401 standard, the efficiency of the sacrificial anode increased with the content of Yb. In a solution of 3 wt%, the anode efficiency of alloys containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% Yb is 59.35%, 81.46%, 89.14%, and 94.74%, respectively. In contrast, testing in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution resulted in lower anode efficiency: 54.70%, 74.80%, 85.45%, and 91.44%, respectively. These findings illustrate that Yb microalloys effectively improve the performance and anode capabilities of sacrificial aluminum in chloride-rich environments.
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BibTeX
@article{rohmannudin2026effect,
title = {{Effect of ytterbium on the microstructure and efficiency of Al-Zn anodes in different chloride concentrations by DNVGL-RP-B401 methods.}},
author = {Tubagus Noor Rohmannudin and Azmi Nur Habibi and Banindra Alvin Farial Azra and Sekar Fajar Handayani and Lukman Noerochim and Sulistijono and Syarif Junaidi},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra01903j},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903723},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of ytterbium on the microstructure and efficiency of Al-Zn anodes in different chloride concentrations by DNVGL-RP-B401 methods.
AU - Tubagus Noor Rohmannudin
AU - Azmi Nur Habibi
AU - Banindra Alvin Farial Azra
AU - Sekar Fajar Handayani
AU - Lukman Noerochim
AU - Sulistijono
AU - Syarif Junaidi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra01903j
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903723
AB - In modern industrial applications, metal structures will be exposed to severe corrosive environments, leading to reduced service life and performance. The use of sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection remains one of the most effective mitigation or prevention methods, where aluminum-based alloys are widely used due to their high current capacity and cost efficiency. This study investigated the effect of the addition of ytterbium (Yb) on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of an Al-Zn sacrificial anode in various aqueous media. Alloys containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% Yb were fabricated and characterized using OES-AAS, XRD, SEM-EDX, metallography, and potentiostat testing, while the efficiency of the anode was evaluated according to the DNVGL-RP-B401 standard. The results showed that Yb acts as a grain refiner, which promotes the formation of the intermetallic compound YbZn₂ along the grain boundaries, resulting in a smoother and more uniform microstructure. The corrosion rate of samples containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% of Yb was 0.38348, 0.12049, 0.10367, and 0.059231 mm per year based on measurements of potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolytes. A decrease in the corrosion rate is experienced as the increased content of Yb is incorporated into the formation of a more uniform grain structure, which forms a more homogeneous anodic dissolution. Based on the anode efficiency test carried out according to the DNVGL-RP-B401 standard, the efficiency of the sacrificial anode increased with the content of Yb. In a solution of 3 wt%, the anode efficiency of alloys containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% Yb is 59.35%, 81.46%, 89.14%, and 94.74%, respectively. In contrast, testing in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution resulted in lower anode efficiency: 54.70%, 74.80%, 85.45%, and 91.44%, respectively. These findings illustrate that Yb microalloys effectively improve the performance and anode capabilities of sacrificial aluminum in chloride-rich environments.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -