Pharmaceutical residues in food samples: occurrence, toxicity, fluorescence quenching mechanisms, and analysis using carbon dot-based fluorescent probes
- 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government Qlyasan Street Sulaymaniyah 46001 Iraq
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an important class of carbon-based nanomaterials and represent a relatively new type of fluorescent nanomaterial that has attracted extensive research interest. Their popularity has increased rapidly due to several advantageous characteristics, including low toxicity, chemical stability, tunable fluorescence behavior, good water solubility, and favorable physicochemical properties. Owing to these features, CDs have been widely explored as sensing materials for the detection of various targets. In this review, pharmaceutical residues in food samples and their associated toxicity are discussed, along with the fluorescence sensing mechanisms and applications of CD-based sensors for the detection of a lot of pharmaceutical drugs in food samples, including tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulfonamides, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, penicillin and others. Finally, the future prospects of using CDs for pharmaceutical analysis in food samples are also reviewed.
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BibTeX
@article{kayani2026pharmaceutical,
title = {{Pharmaceutical residues in food samples: occurrence, toxicity, fluorescence quenching mechanisms, and analysis using carbon dot-based fluorescent probes}},
author = {Kawan F. Kayani},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra08144d},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13659812},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Pharmaceutical residues in food samples: occurrence, toxicity, fluorescence quenching mechanisms, and analysis using carbon dot-based fluorescent probes
AU - Kawan F. Kayani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/13
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra08144d
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13659812
AB - Carbon dots (CDs) are an important class of carbon-based nanomaterials and represent a relatively new type of fluorescent nanomaterial that has attracted extensive research interest. Their popularity has increased rapidly due to several advantageous characteristics, including low toxicity, chemical stability, tunable fluorescence behavior, good water solubility, and favorable physicochemical properties. Owing to these features, CDs have been widely explored as sensing materials for the detection of various targets. In this review, pharmaceutical residues in food samples and their associated toxicity are discussed, along with the fluorescence sensing mechanisms and applications of CD-based sensors for the detection of a lot of pharmaceutical drugs in food samples, including tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulfonamides, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, penicillin and others. Finally, the future prospects of using CDs for pharmaceutical analysis in food samples are also reviewed.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -