Integrated Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Chemometric Evaluation of Clinically Relevant Ocimum tenuiflorum Extracts from Diverse Geo-Climatic Regions
4 affiliations
- 1DAC Regional Research Institute, Kolkata 700035, West Bengal, India
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- 3Centre of Medicinal Plants & Research in Homoeopathy, Ooty 643209, Tamil Nadu, India
- 4Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi 110058, India
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Ocimum tenuiflorum (OT) exhibits diverse therapeutic effects linked to its antioxidant activity. Studies integrating phytochemical variability, functional antioxidant localization, and chemometric evaluation of Pharmacopeia-Relevant Extracts (PREs) remain limited. This study investigated phytochemical variability and antioxidant-associated profiling among PREs of OT from geo-climatic regions and commercial sources. Methods: PREs were investigated through High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting, HPTLC-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) bioautography, HPTLC quantification, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content (TPC and TFC), DPPH-IC50 and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays, correlation statistics, and chemometric analyses. Results: Rosmarinic acid (RA) and ursolic acid (UA) were detected across all PREs; eugenol was not detected but detected in non-polar extracts. HPTLC-DPPH bioautography exhibited antioxidant-associated localization for RA but not UA. RA concentration, TPC, TFC, DPPH-IC50, and FRAP showed substantial variability among PREs. RA correlated more strongly than TPC with antioxidant endpoints: positively with FRAP and inversely with DPPH-IC50; TFC correlated non-significantly with the dataset. Geo-climatic variability was linked to differences in RA, TPC, IC50, and FRAP, with TFC not reaching significance, and varietal differences remained non-significant. Chemometric analyses demonstrated distinguishable clustering among PREs. Conclusions: This study highlights observational trends in geo-climatic phytochemical variation, identifying RA as a major antioxidant-associated marker under the present conditions.
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BibTeX
@article{das2026integrated,
title = {{Integrated Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Chemometric Evaluation of Clinically Relevant Ocimum tenuiflorum Extracts from Diverse Geo-Climatic Regions}},
author = {Totan Das and Ishita Biswas and Satyajit Maity and Sayani Maji and K. Karunaidhasan and V. Anusuba and Digvijay Verma and Gurudev Choubey and Arti Soren and K. C. Muraleedharan and Subhash Kaushik and Shashikanth Jale and Bibaswan Biswas},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31213909},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3909},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Integrated Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Chemometric Evaluation of Clinically Relevant Ocimum tenuiflorum Extracts from Diverse Geo-Climatic Regions
AU - Totan Das
AU - Ishita Biswas
AU - Satyajit Maity
AU - Sayani Maji
AU - K. Karunaidhasan
AU - V. Anusuba
AU - Digvijay Verma
AU - Gurudev Choubey
AU - Arti Soren
AU - K. C. Muraleedharan
AU - Subhash Kaushik
AU - Shashikanth Jale
AU - Bibaswan Biswas
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31213909
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3909
AB - Background/Objectives: Ocimum tenuiflorum (OT) exhibits diverse therapeutic effects linked to its antioxidant activity. Studies integrating phytochemical variability, functional antioxidant localization, and chemometric evaluation of Pharmacopeia-Relevant Extracts (PREs) remain limited. This study investigated phytochemical variability and antioxidant-associated profiling among PREs of OT from geo-climatic regions and commercial sources. Methods: PREs were investigated through High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting, HPTLC-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) bioautography, HPTLC quantification, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content (TPC and TFC), DPPH-IC50 and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays, correlation statistics, and chemometric analyses. Results: Rosmarinic acid (RA) and ursolic acid (UA) were detected across all PREs; eugenol was not detected but detected in non-polar extracts. HPTLC-DPPH bioautography exhibited antioxidant-associated localization for RA but not UA. RA concentration, TPC, TFC, DPPH-IC50, and FRAP showed substantial variability among PREs. RA correlated more strongly than TPC with antioxidant endpoints: positively with FRAP and inversely with DPPH-IC50; TFC correlated non-significantly with the dataset. Geo-climatic variability was linked to differences in RA, TPC, IC50, and FRAP, with TFC not reaching significance, and varietal differences remained non-significant. Chemometric analyses demonstrated distinguishable clustering among PREs. Conclusions: This study highlights observational trends in geo-climatic phytochemical variation, identifying RA as a major antioxidant-associated marker under the present conditions.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -