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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

Polyketide-Derived Antimicrobial Metabolites from Epicoccum sorghinum: Effects of Fermentation Conditions and Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (NTAPP)

  • Ching-Chia Chang1
  • Bai-Wei Peng1,2
  • Annamária Kincses3,4
  • Chi-Ying Li5
  • Hua-Han Chen6
  • Hsueh-Wei Chang1,7,8
  • Judit Hohmann3,9,4
  • Fang-Rong Chang1,10,11,12
12 affiliations
  1. 1Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
  2. 2Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
  3. 3Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
  4. 4HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
  5. 5School of Pharmacy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
  6. 6Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makung City, Penghu Hsien, Taiwan
  7. 7Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
  8. 8Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
  9. 9Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
  10. 10Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
  11. 11Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
  12. 12Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract

Epicoccum sorghinum is a filamentous fungus known to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites. In this study, a fungal strain isolated from Arundo donax was investigated for its antimicrobial metabolites and the effects of fermentation conditions and non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) treatment on metabolite production. Nine previously reported polyketide-related compounds isolated from E. sorghinum were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 16 microbial strains. Among the tested compounds, 6-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (7) exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity among the isolated metabolites, particularly against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC = 50 μM). Several compounds showed moderate antifungal activity against Nakaseomyces glabrata ATCC 2001. A preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis suggested that antimicrobial activity is closely associated with the number and positional arrangement of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Fermentation conditions significantly affected metabolite accumulation. Compound 7 showed significantly higher accumulation under solid fermentation, suggesting that solid fermentation favors the accumulation of certain phenolic-type metabolites. In addition, NTAPP treatment altered the relative abundance of previously detected metabolites in an energy-dependent manner. High-energy treatment (6000 V) increased the abundance of several metabolites, particularly epicorepoxydon A (1), whereas only a slight increase was observed for 7. Overall, this study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of polyketide-related metabolites from E. sorghinum and highlights the influence of fermentation conditions and NTAPP treatment on fungal secondary metabolism. The combination of fermentation optimization and NTAPP stimulation represents a useful strategy for modulating the relative abundance of bioactive secondary metabolites without inducing the production of new detectable metabolites.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{chang2026polyketidederived,
  title = {{Polyketide-Derived Antimicrobial Metabolites from Epicoccum sorghinum: Effects of Fermentation Conditions and Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (NTAPP)}},
  author = {Ching-Chia Chang and Bai-Wei Peng and Annamária Kincses and Chi-Ying Li and Hua-Han Chen and Hsueh-Wei Chang and Judit Hohmann and Fang-Rong Chang},
  journal = {Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.4014/jmb.2606.06052},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2606.06052},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Polyketide-Derived Antimicrobial Metabolites from Epicoccum sorghinum: Effects of Fermentation Conditions and Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (NTAPP)
AU  - Ching-Chia Chang
AU  - Bai-Wei Peng
AU  - Annamária Kincses
AU  - Chi-Ying Li
AU  - Hua-Han Chen
AU  - Hsueh-Wei Chang
AU  - Judit Hohmann
AU  - Fang-Rong Chang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/13
JO  - Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
DO  - 10.4014/jmb.2606.06052
UR  - https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2606.06052
AB  - Epicoccum sorghinum is a filamentous fungus known to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites. In this study, a fungal strain isolated from Arundo donax was investigated for its antimicrobial metabolites and the effects of fermentation conditions and non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) treatment on metabolite production. Nine previously reported polyketide-related compounds isolated from E. sorghinum were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 16 microbial strains. Among the tested compounds, 6-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (7) exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity among the isolated metabolites, particularly against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC = 50 μM). Several compounds showed moderate antifungal activity against Nakaseomyces glabrata ATCC 2001. A preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis suggested that antimicrobial activity is closely associated with the number and positional arrangement of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Fermentation conditions significantly affected metabolite accumulation. Compound 7 showed significantly higher accumulation under solid fermentation, suggesting that solid fermentation favors the accumulation of certain phenolic-type metabolites. In addition, NTAPP treatment altered the relative abundance of previously detected metabolites in an energy-dependent manner. High-energy treatment (6000 V) increased the abundance of several metabolites, particularly epicorepoxydon A (1), whereas only a slight increase was observed for 7. Overall, this study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of polyketide-related metabolites from E. sorghinum and highlights the influence of fermentation conditions and NTAPP treatment on fungal secondary metabolism. The combination of fermentation optimization and NTAPP stimulation represents a useful strategy for modulating the relative abundance of bioactive secondary metabolites without inducing the production of new detectable metabolites.
SN  - 1017-7825
SN  - 1738-8872
ER  -