Constraint-Traceable Liquid-Nitrogen Dewar Design for Low-Noise HTS-SQUID Magnetometry
Abstract
Compact high-temperature superconducting quantum interference device (HTS-SQUID) magnetometers require a liquid-nitrogen Dewar that balances operating duration against instrument-envelope and mass constraints. Here we introduced a constraint-traceable design workflow in which body radius and neck-length fraction were scanned under fixed outer-envelope volume and geometry-based mass limits. The longest-duration feasible grid point lay adjacent to the 3.85 kg and 550 mm constraint intersection, predicting 224 h hold time from a body-only initial fill to a residual liquid depth of 10 mm. A reference Dewar was experimentally monitored for 137.3 h, consuming 1.22 L liquid-nitrogen of its initial inventory. A thermal model calibrated over the first 40 h reproduced the remaining 97.3 h. Device measurements at liquid-nitrogen temperature showed a superconducting transition and Fraunhofer-like junction response, a maximum voltage-modulation depth of 36.2 μV, and a median noise level of 41.5 fT Hz−1/2 from 100 to 1000 Hz. These results establish a reproducible method for selecting Dewar geometry under coupled constraints and demonstrate compatibility with long-endurance and low-noise HTS-SQUID magnetometer systems.
Related
- Continuous-wave AC magnetometry up to hundreds of megahertz using nitrogen-vacancy centers under a strong transverse magnetic field
- Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond for Quantum Biosensing: Magnetometry Techniques, Platforms and Applications
- Magnonic cavity-enhanced quantum magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centre ensembles
- Temperature distribution measurement on three-phase contact line in liquid nitrogen using two-color temperature-sensitive paint
- Liquid-Nitrogen Micropillar-Wick Cooling for Cryogenic Electronics: A Numerical Study of Thermal Performance and Capillary Dry-Out Limits
BibTeX
@misc{shi2026constrainttraceable,
title = {{Constraint-Traceable Liquid-Nitrogen Dewar Design for Low-Noise HTS-SQUID Magnetometry}},
author = {Xinmin Shi and Bingke Xiang and Lingtong Hou and Wanjuan Tang and Geming Zhang and Shiqun Liu and Ruonan Wang and Yibo Wang and Zhiqiang Cao and Xueshen Wang and Xueying Zhang and Xiaoyang Lin},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.14661},
eprint = {2609.14661},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14661},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Constraint-Traceable Liquid-Nitrogen Dewar Design for Low-Noise HTS-SQUID Magnetometry
AU - Xinmin Shi
AU - Bingke Xiang
AU - Lingtong Hou
AU - Wanjuan Tang
AU - Geming Zhang
AU - Shiqun Liu
AU - Ruonan Wang
AU - Yibo Wang
AU - Zhiqiang Cao
AU - Xueshen Wang
AU - Xueying Zhang
AU - Xiaoyang Lin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/13
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.14661
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14661
AB - Compact high-temperature superconducting quantum interference device (HTS-SQUID) magnetometers require a liquid-nitrogen Dewar that balances operating duration against instrument-envelope and mass constraints. Here we introduced a constraint-traceable design workflow in which body radius and neck-length fraction were scanned under fixed outer-envelope volume and geometry-based mass limits. The longest-duration feasible grid point lay adjacent to the 3.85 kg and 550 mm constraint intersection, predicting 224 h hold time from a body-only initial fill to a residual liquid depth of 10 mm. A reference Dewar was experimentally monitored for 137.3 h, consuming 1.22 L liquid-nitrogen of its initial inventory. A thermal model calibrated over the first 40 h reproduced the remaining 97.3 h. Device measurements at liquid-nitrogen temperature showed a superconducting transition and Fraunhofer-like junction response, a maximum voltage-modulation depth of 36.2 μV, and a median noise level of 41.5 fT Hz^−1/2 from 100 to 1000 Hz. These results establish a reproducible method for selecting Dewar geometry under coupled constraints and demonstrate compatibility with long-endurance and low-noise HTS-SQUID magnetometer systems.
ER -