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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in endocrinology

Association of the nutritional metabolic risk index with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a sub-plateau population

  • Huanqiong Fan1
  • Minjie He2
  • Guosong Jiang3
  • Chaozhong Li4
  • Songbin Li5
  • Tingyuan Zhou5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Pharmacy, Foshan University Affiliated Third Hospital , , ,
  2. 2Department of Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , , ,
  3. 3Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northeast Yunnan Central Hospital; Northeast Yunnan Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Northeast Yunnan Clinical School of Kunming Medical University , , ,
  4. 4Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , ,
  5. 5Department of Gastroenterology, Foshan University Affiliated Third Hospital , , ,
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Abstract

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely associated with metabolic, anthropometric, and nutritional characteristics. The Nutritional Metabolic Risk Index (NMRI) integrates these dimensions, but its association with MASLD remains unclear. We evaluated the association of the NMRI with prevalent MASLD and its discriminative performance in a sub-plateau population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,551 adults undergoing health examinations at approximately 1,900 m. K-means clustering was used to identify metabolic–nutritional profiles. Associations of NMRI with prevalent MASLD were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines. Discriminative and incremental performance were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis, with bootstrap internal validation. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression assessed the relative statistical contributions of NMRI components.

Results: Three metabolic–nutritional profiles were identified. Compared with the favorable metabolic profile, the adiposity-predominant and unfavorable metabolic–nutritional profiles had higher odds of MASLD (adjusted ORs, 6.62 and 7.85, respectively; both P<0.001). NMRI was inversely associated with prevalent MASLD (adjusted OR per unit increase, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.68–0.74), with an approximately linear association. NMRI showed higher discrimination than its individual components. Adding NMRI to the basic model improved discrimination (AUC, 0.822), reclassification (NRI, 0.759; IDI, 0.164), and net benefit across most examined threshold probabilities. Bootstrap validation yielded an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.815. WQS analysis assigned larger weights to TyG and WHtR than to GNRI. Associations remained consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion: Higher NMRI was consistently associated with lower odds of prevalent MASLD and showed favorable within-sample discrimination in this sub-plateau population. These findings support further evaluation of NMRI as a parsimonious composite indicator integrating nutritional, metabolic, and anthropometric characteristics associated with MASLD.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{fan2026association,
  title = {{Association of the nutritional metabolic risk index with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a sub-plateau population}},
  author = {Huanqiong Fan and Minjie He and Guosong Jiang and Chaozhong Li and Songbin Li and Tingyuan Zhou},
  journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.3389/fendo.2026.1952423},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661332},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Association of the nutritional metabolic risk index with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a sub-plateau population
AU  - Huanqiong Fan
AU  - Minjie He
AU  - Guosong Jiang
AU  - Chaozhong Li
AU  - Songbin Li
AU  - Tingyuan Zhou
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Frontiers in endocrinology
DO  - 10.3389/fendo.2026.1952423
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661332
AB  - Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely associated with metabolic, anthropometric, and nutritional characteristics. The Nutritional Metabolic Risk Index (NMRI) integrates these dimensions, but its association with MASLD remains unclear. We evaluated the association of the NMRI with prevalent MASLD and its discriminative performance in a sub-plateau population.  Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,551 adults undergoing health examinations at approximately 1,900 m. K-means clustering was used to identify metabolic–nutritional profiles. Associations of NMRI with prevalent MASLD were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines. Discriminative and incremental performance were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis, with bootstrap internal validation. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression assessed the relative statistical contributions of NMRI components.  Results: Three metabolic–nutritional profiles were identified. Compared with the favorable metabolic profile, the adiposity-predominant and unfavorable metabolic–nutritional profiles had higher odds of MASLD (adjusted ORs, 6.62 and 7.85, respectively; both P<0.001). NMRI was inversely associated with prevalent MASLD (adjusted OR per unit increase, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.68–0.74), with an approximately linear association. NMRI showed higher discrimination than its individual components. Adding NMRI to the basic model improved discrimination (AUC, 0.822), reclassification (NRI, 0.759; IDI, 0.164), and net benefit across most examined threshold probabilities. Bootstrap validation yielded an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.815. WQS analysis assigned larger weights to TyG and WHtR than to GNRI. Associations remained consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.  Conclusion: Higher NMRI was consistently associated with lower odds of prevalent MASLD and showed favorable within-sample discrimination in this sub-plateau population. These findings support further evaluation of NMRI as a parsimonious composite indicator integrating nutritional, metabolic, and anthropometric characteristics associated with MASLD.
SN  - 1664-2392
ER  -