Toroidal Dipole-Dominated High-Performance Optical Sensors via Nanoimprinted Tetramer Architectures.
- 1Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo China.
- 2Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Functional Materials and Devices Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province Ningbo University Ningbo China.
- 3Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China.
Abstract
Practical high-Q metasurface sensors face two bottlenecks: maximizing analyte near-field coupling while suppressing radiative loss and ensuring compatibility with low-cost large-area fabrication. Here, we present a nanoimprinted tetramer architecture (NTA) sensor fabricated via two-step nanoimprint lithography, consisting of polystyrene nanopillar tetramer arrays atop a PS waveguide and gold mirror, supporting a prominent resonance mode at 810 nm (D₁ mode) exhibiting a pronounced Fano line shape with a high Q of 3124. In contrast, the experimentally measured resonance of the fabricated device exhibits a FWHM of approximately 12 nm, corresponding to a Q factor of about 70. Multipole decomposition confirms that the D₁ mode is governed by toroidal dipoles, with suppressed conventional electric/magnetic multipoles, thereby achieving radiative cancellation via multipole manipulation. Measured in aqueous glycerol solutions, the sensor achieves a refractive index sensitivity of 501 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 42 RIU⁻¹. Label-free hemoglobin biosensing yields a sensitivity of 354.7 nm·(μg/L)⁻¹. Benefiting from tetramer symmetry, the resonance response remains stable across 0°-90° polarization angles. This work develops a scalable low-cost strategy for toroidal-dipole-enhanced high-Q biosensors, promising high-sensitivity detection for medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
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BibTeX
@article{zhao2026toroidal,
title = {{Toroidal Dipole-Dominated High-Performance Optical Sensors via Nanoimprinted Tetramer Architectures.}},
author = {Hongsen Zhao and Shuai Han and Youpeng Zhuo and Ang Xu and Zhixin Wan and Yimin Chen and Peiqing Zhang and Qiushun Zou and Xiang Shen},
journal = {Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1002/nap2.70336},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42910359},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Toroidal Dipole-Dominated High-Performance Optical Sensors via Nanoimprinted Tetramer Architectures.
AU - Hongsen Zhao
AU - Shuai Han
AU - Youpeng Zhuo
AU - Ang Xu
AU - Zhixin Wan
AU - Yimin Chen
AU - Peiqing Zhang
AU - Qiushun Zou
AU - Xiang Shen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/21
JO - Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
DO - 10.1002/nap2.70336
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42910359
AB - Practical high-Q metasurface sensors face two bottlenecks: maximizing analyte near-field coupling while suppressing radiative loss and ensuring compatibility with low-cost large-area fabrication. Here, we present a nanoimprinted tetramer architecture (NTA) sensor fabricated via two-step nanoimprint lithography, consisting of polystyrene nanopillar tetramer arrays atop a PS waveguide and gold mirror, supporting a prominent resonance mode at 810 nm (D₁ mode) exhibiting a pronounced Fano line shape with a high Q of 3124. In contrast, the experimentally measured resonance of the fabricated device exhibits a FWHM of approximately 12 nm, corresponding to a Q factor of about 70. Multipole decomposition confirms that the D₁ mode is governed by toroidal dipoles, with suppressed conventional electric/magnetic multipoles, thereby achieving radiative cancellation via multipole manipulation. Measured in aqueous glycerol solutions, the sensor achieves a refractive index sensitivity of 501 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 42 RIU⁻¹. Label-free hemoglobin biosensing yields a sensitivity of 354.7 nm·(μg/L)⁻¹. Benefiting from tetramer symmetry, the resonance response remains stable across 0°-90° polarization angles. This work develops a scalable low-cost strategy for toroidal-dipole-enhanced high-Q biosensors, promising high-sensitivity detection for medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
SN - 2192-8606
SN - 2192-8614
ER -