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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Exploring FTIR Spectroscopy as an Orthogonal Approach for Detecting Processing-Induced Changes in Extracellular Vesicle Preparations

  • Marija Tursunović1
  • Lidija Filipović1
  • Ninoslav Mitić2
  • Milica Popović3
  1. 1Innovative Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
  2. 2Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
  3. 3Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) require complementary methods for their comprehensive characterization. This study investigates the potential of attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to provide orthogonal information on alterations in EV preparations subjected to different processing conditions. EVs were isolated using a previously established nanobody-based immunoaffinity approach, and further subjected to lyophilization, repeated freeze–thawing, or heat treatment followed by sonication. The EV preparations were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, biochemical assays, flow cytometry and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Although the overall FTIR spectral profiles remained broadly similar, multivariate and targeted spectral analyses revealed differences in the heat-and-sonicated preparation, which also showed the most pronounced changes observed by complementary characterization methods. The findings provide proof-of-concept evidence that ATR-FTIR can provide orthogonal information for the assessment of processing-induced changes in EV preparations.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{tursunovic2026exploring,
  title = {{Exploring FTIR Spectroscopy as an Orthogonal Approach for Detecting Processing-Induced Changes in Extracellular Vesicle Preparations}},
  author = {Marija Tursunović and Lidija Filipović and Ninoslav Mitić and Milica Popović},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms27219482},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9482},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exploring FTIR Spectroscopy as an Orthogonal Approach for Detecting Processing-Induced Changes in Extracellular Vesicle Preparations
AU  - Marija Tursunović
AU  - Lidija Filipović
AU  - Ninoslav Mitić
AU  - Milica Popović
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms27219482
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9482
AB  - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) require complementary methods for their comprehensive characterization. This study investigates the potential of attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to provide orthogonal information on alterations in EV preparations subjected to different processing conditions. EVs were isolated using a previously established nanobody-based immunoaffinity approach, and further subjected to lyophilization, repeated freeze–thawing, or heat treatment followed by sonication. The EV preparations were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, biochemical assays, flow cytometry and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Although the overall FTIR spectral profiles remained broadly similar, multivariate and targeted spectral analyses revealed differences in the heat-and-sonicated preparation, which also showed the most pronounced changes observed by complementary characterization methods. The findings provide proof-of-concept evidence that ATR-FTIR can provide orthogonal information for the assessment of processing-induced changes in EV preparations.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -