Metabolite profiling and in vitro biological activities of an endophytic Cladosporium sp. AUMC 15471 isolated from Origanum syriacum L
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University
- 2Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch
- 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University
- 4Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky
- 5Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University
Abstract
Background: Endophytic fungi associated with the za’atar plant ( O. syriacum L. ) remain largely underexplored despite their potential as sources of bioactive natural products.
Objective: This study aimed to characterize the endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. AUMC 15471 recovered from Origanum syriacum leaves and to investigate its chemical profile and biological activities.
Methods: Identification of Cladosporium sp. was achieved by morphological and molecular approaches. Comprehensive metabolite profiling of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) crude extract was conducted using complementary chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).
Results: GC–MS analysis tentatively annotated 32 volatile and semi-volatile compounds based on mass spectral database matching and retention index comparison, predominantly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty alcohols. Targeted LC–MS/MS analysis detected 11 metabolites that were assigned based on retention time and mass-spectrometric characteristics in comparison with authentic reference standards. Several of these metabolites have not previously been reported in an endophytic Cladosporium sp. associated with O. syriacum . The EtOAc crude extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC ₅₀ = 230.21 ± 5.96 μg/mL). It also showed low cytotoxic activity against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (IC ₅₀ = 93.43 μg/mL), with cell death involving both apoptotic and necrotic pathways. In addition, the extract displayed antibacterial activity against six bacterial species comprising five foodborne bacterial pathogens and one an opportunistic equine pathogen, with inhibition rates of 67.37% ± 2.45% against Staphylococcus aureus and 59.39% ± 1.24% against Campylobacter jejuni .
Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicate that Cladosporium sp. associated with O. syriacum is a promising source of chemically diverse metabolites with potential biological activities.
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BibTeX
@article{alaidarous2026metabolite,
title = {{Metabolite profiling and in vitro biological activities of an endophytic Cladosporium sp. AUMC 15471 isolated from Origanum syriacum L}},
author = {Mohammed Alaidarous and Ahmed Abdel-Hadi and Abdulrahman Alatiq and Yahya Madkhali and Saeed Banawas and Bader Alshehri and Mohamed E. Abouelela and Yosra A. Helmy and Mohamed Awad and Abdallah Hassane},
journal = {Frontiers in Pharmacology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2026.1950031},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1950031/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Metabolite profiling and in vitro biological activities of an endophytic Cladosporium sp. AUMC 15471 isolated from Origanum syriacum L
AU - Mohammed Alaidarous
AU - Ahmed Abdel-Hadi
AU - Abdulrahman Alatiq
AU - Yahya Madkhali
AU - Saeed Banawas
AU - Bader Alshehri
AU - Mohamed E. Abouelela
AU - Yosra A. Helmy
AU - Mohamed Awad
AU - Abdallah Hassane
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
JO - Frontiers in Pharmacology
DO - 10.3389/fphar.2026.1950031
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1950031/full
AB - Background: Endophytic fungi associated with the za’atar plant ( O. syriacum L. ) remain largely underexplored despite their potential as sources of bioactive natural products. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. AUMC 15471 recovered from Origanum syriacum leaves and to investigate its chemical profile and biological activities. Methods: Identification of Cladosporium sp. was achieved by morphological and molecular approaches. Comprehensive metabolite profiling of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) crude extract was conducted using complementary chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Results: GC–MS analysis tentatively annotated 32 volatile and semi-volatile compounds based on mass spectral database matching and retention index comparison, predominantly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty alcohols. Targeted LC–MS/MS analysis detected 11 metabolites that were assigned based on retention time and mass-spectrometric characteristics in comparison with authentic reference standards. Several of these metabolites have not previously been reported in an endophytic Cladosporium sp. associated with O. syriacum . The EtOAc crude extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC ₅₀ = 230.21 ± 5.96 μg/mL). It also showed low cytotoxic activity against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (IC ₅₀ = 93.43 μg/mL), with cell death involving both apoptotic and necrotic pathways. In addition, the extract displayed antibacterial activity against six bacterial species comprising five foodborne bacterial pathogens and one an opportunistic equine pathogen, with inhibition rates of 67.37% ± 2.45% against Staphylococcus aureus and 59.39% ± 1.24% against Campylobacter jejuni . Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicate that Cladosporium sp. associated with O. syriacum is a promising source of chemically diverse metabolites with potential biological activities.
SN - 1663-9812
ER -