Comparative Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Four Thymus Species From Türkiye for Dermocosmetic…

Abstract

Species of Thymus have long been used in Anatolia for wound healing and skin disorders. This study characterized metabolites and biological activities of four taxa— Thymus leucostomus (TL), Thymus sipyleus (TS), Thymus brachychilus (TB), and Thymus migricus (TM)—using UHPLC‐HRMS/MS‐based molecular networking, anti‐aging enzyme inhibition assays, and cellular models (L929 fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, HUVEC endothelial cells). All taxa showed triterpene‐rich profiles, though TL was enriched in polymethoxylated flavonoids and TM in diterpenes. Extracts strongly inhibited hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase, with more modest tyrosinase inhibition; the highest values were recorded for TB (hyaluronidase, 89.64%), TM (elastase, 78.31%), and TL (collagenase, 82.92%; tyrosinase, 39.74%). Biologically, TL demonstrated the broadest cytocompatibility and significantly enhanced wound closure in fibroblast (≈84.7%) and keratinocyte (≈71.3%) models. TL and TS achieved nearly complete endothelial wound closure, suggesting potential pro‐regenerative effects. TL showed lower cytotoxicity in HaCaT and HUVEC cells (IC 50 ≈ 0.5 mg/mL), whereas TM exhibited stronger cytotoxicity in keratinocytes (IC 50 ≈ 0.1025 mg/mL). TM moderately increased intracellular ROS levels in L929 fibroblasts, while TL and TS maintained ROS levels closer to control conditions. Overall, TL and TS displayed more balanced in vitro profiles regarding wound closure, oxidative balance, and enzyme inhibition, whereas TM required more cautious concentration‐dependent interpretation.

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BibTeX

@article{nath2026comparative,
  title = {{Comparative Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Four Thymus Species From Türkiye for Dermocosmetic Applications}},
  author = {Ebru Özdemir Nath and Pierre‐eric Campos and Audrey Le Cabec and Gül İpek Gündoğan and Diren Ergin and Ahsen Çetin and Sefa Sönmez and Emilie Destandau},
  journal = {Chemistry and Biodiversity},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1002/cbdv.71681},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05756388v1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Comparative Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Four Thymus Species From Türkiye for Dermocosmetic Applications
AU  - Ebru Özdemir Nath
AU  - Pierre‐eric Campos
AU  - Audrey Le Cabec
AU  - Gül İpek Gündoğan
AU  - Diren Ergin
AU  - Ahsen Çetin
AU  - Sefa Sönmez
AU  - Emilie Destandau
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/21
JO  - Chemistry and Biodiversity
DO  - 10.1002/cbdv.71681
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05756388v1
AB  - Species of Thymus have long been used in Anatolia for wound healing and skin disorders. This study characterized metabolites and biological activities of four taxa— Thymus leucostomus (TL), Thymus sipyleus (TS), Thymus brachychilus (TB), and Thymus migricus (TM)—using UHPLC‐HRMS/MS‐based molecular networking, anti‐aging enzyme inhibition assays, and cellular models (L929 fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, HUVEC endothelial cells). All taxa showed triterpene‐rich profiles, though TL was enriched in polymethoxylated flavonoids and TM in diterpenes. Extracts strongly inhibited hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase, with more modest tyrosinase inhibition; the highest values were recorded for TB (hyaluronidase, 89.64%), TM (elastase, 78.31%), and TL (collagenase, 82.92%; tyrosinase, 39.74%). Biologically, TL demonstrated the broadest cytocompatibility and significantly enhanced wound closure in fibroblast (≈84.7%) and keratinocyte (≈71.3%) models. TL and TS achieved nearly complete endothelial wound closure, suggesting potential pro‐regenerative effects. TL showed lower cytotoxicity in HaCaT and HUVEC cells (IC 50 ≈ 0.5 mg/mL), whereas TM exhibited stronger cytotoxicity in keratinocytes (IC 50 ≈ 0.1025 mg/mL). TM moderately increased intracellular ROS levels in L929 fibroblasts, while TL and TS maintained ROS levels closer to control conditions. Overall, TL and TS displayed more balanced in vitro profiles regarding wound closure, oxidative balance, and enzyme inhibition, whereas TM required more cautious concentration‐dependent interpretation.
SN  - 1612-1872
SN  - 1612-1880
ER  -

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