GC-MS Profiling, Evaluation of Hypoglycemic, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities and Pharmacological Investigation of Leaves
Abstract
Objective Artocarpus lacucha Roxb. (Moraceae), locally known as Monkey jack (Dewa), is traditionally used in Bangladesh to treat diarrhea, inflammation and metabolic disorders. However, scientific validation of its pharmacological potential remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of A. lacucha leaves (EAL) in a mouse model, identify its bioactive compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluate molecular interactions through in silico studies. Methods Leaves were extracted using cold maceration with 95% ethanol. Hypoglycemic activity was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Swiss albino mice at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated using formalin-induced paw edema and biphasic paw-licking models. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify phytoconstituents. Molecular docking against selected antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory targets (5YW7, 3BAJ and 5KIR) and a complementary protein-binding and transport target (7JWN) and ADMET properties were predicted using pkCSM. Results EAL significantly reduced blood glucose levels ( p<0.05 ) in OGTT compared to control. In the paw edema model, EAL significantly inhibited formalin-induced inflammation in a time and dose-dependent manner ( p<0.001 ), with the 500 mg/kg BW dose showing pronounced edema reduction comparable to standard drugs. In the licking test, EAL significantly reduced nociceptive responses in both early (neurogenic) and late (inflammatory) phases ( p<0.001 ). GC-MS analysis revealed multiple bioactive compounds, including phenolics and terpenoids. Docking analysis demonstrated favorable binding affinities with target proteins, supporting potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, while interactions with HSA provided complementary information regarding potential protein-binding behavior. Conclusion The findings indicate that the ethanolic leaf extract of A. lacucha exhibits preliminary glucose-lowering, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. GC–MS, molecular docking, ADMET analyses provide tentative phytochemical and computational support. Further bioactivity-guided isolation, mechanistic, pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies are needed to confirm its therapeutic potential.
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BibTeX
@article{islam2026gcms,
title = {{GC-MS Profiling, Evaluation of Hypoglycemic, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities and Pharmacological Investigation of Leaves}},
author = {Md. Tariqul Islam and Md. Riyad Hossain and A.B.M. Ashraful and Md. Shafiqul Islam and Nusrat Jahan Tohfa and Md. Al Mamun and Rubaia Easmin and Joy Sarker},
journal = {Natural Product Communications},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1177/1934578x261504948},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x261504948},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - GC-MS Profiling, Evaluation of Hypoglycemic, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities and Pharmacological Investigation of Leaves
AU - Md. Tariqul Islam
AU - Md. Riyad Hossain
AU - A.B.M. Ashraful
AU - Md. Shafiqul Islam
AU - Nusrat Jahan Tohfa
AU - Md. Al Mamun
AU - Rubaia Easmin
AU - Joy Sarker
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/03
JO - Natural Product Communications
DO - 10.1177/1934578x261504948
UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x261504948
AB - Objective Artocarpus lacucha Roxb. (Moraceae), locally known as Monkey jack (Dewa), is traditionally used in Bangladesh to treat diarrhea, inflammation and metabolic disorders. However, scientific validation of its pharmacological potential remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of A. lacucha leaves (EAL) in a mouse model, identify its bioactive compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluate molecular interactions through in silico studies. Methods Leaves were extracted using cold maceration with 95% ethanol. Hypoglycemic activity was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Swiss albino mice at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated using formalin-induced paw edema and biphasic paw-licking models. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify phytoconstituents. Molecular docking against selected antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory targets (5YW7, 3BAJ and 5KIR) and a complementary protein-binding and transport target (7JWN) and ADMET properties were predicted using pkCSM. Results EAL significantly reduced blood glucose levels ( p<0.05 ) in OGTT compared to control. In the paw edema model, EAL significantly inhibited formalin-induced inflammation in a time and dose-dependent manner ( p<0.001 ), with the 500 mg/kg BW dose showing pronounced edema reduction comparable to standard drugs. In the licking test, EAL significantly reduced nociceptive responses in both early (neurogenic) and late (inflammatory) phases ( p<0.001 ). GC-MS analysis revealed multiple bioactive compounds, including phenolics and terpenoids. Docking analysis demonstrated favorable binding affinities with target proteins, supporting potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, while interactions with HSA provided complementary information regarding potential protein-binding behavior. Conclusion The findings indicate that the ethanolic leaf extract of A. lacucha exhibits preliminary glucose-lowering, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. GC–MS, molecular docking, ADMET analyses provide tentative phytochemical and computational support. Further bioactivity-guided isolation, mechanistic, pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies are needed to confirm its therapeutic potential.
SN - 1555-9475
SN - 1934-578X
ER -