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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCCaspian journal of internal medicine

Depressive symptoms and related factors in adults with heart failure: A multicenter cross-sectional study in northern Iran (2022-2023).

  • Romina Hamzehpour1
  • Naghmeh Zieaie Amiri2
  • Milad Ghanbarzadeh3
  • Angela Hamidia4
  • Sakine Javadian Kotnaei5
  • Mahboobeh Khoozan6
  • Hoda Shirafkan1
  • Mahasti Emami Hamzehkolaee5
6 affiliations
  1. 1Social Determinants of Health Research Center Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
  2. 2Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
  3. 3Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol ,Iran.
  4. 4Department of Development and Clinical Research, Shahid Yaheinejad Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
  5. 5Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
  6. 6Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract

Background

Depressive symptoms are frequent in patients with heart failure (HF), but estimates vary across settings. Clarifying their burden and related factors can inform integrated care. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in adults with HF and identify associated factors.Methods

We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study (June 2022-February 2023) in cardiology wards and outpatient clinics of three hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences, northern Iran. Consecutive adults (≥18 years) with cardiologist-confirmed HF completed the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17); a score >7 was considered indicative of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Independent correlates of depressive symptoms were examined using multivariable logistic regression.Results

Of 250 participants (mean age 60.3±15.1 years; 46.4% women), 51 (20.4%) had depressive symptoms (HAM-D-17 >7): mild 18.4%, moderate 1.6%, severe 0.4%. In unadjusted analyses, depressive symptoms were more common in women, in unemployed and unmarried participants, and in those with more advanced New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. In multivariable models, female sex (OR 6.57, 95% CI 2.91-14.85) and higher NYHA class were associated with depressive symptoms (p<0.01), whereas left ventricular ejection fraction and HF etiology were not.Conclusion

Approximately one fifth of adults with HF had clinically relevant depressive symptoms, particularly women and patients with worse functional status. Routine screening and integrated psychosocial care should be incorporated into HF management, with special attention to patients in advanced NYHA classes.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{hamzehpour2026depressive,
  title = {{Depressive symptoms and related factors in adults with heart failure: A multicenter cross-sectional study in northern Iran (2022-2023).}},
  author = {Romina Hamzehpour and Naghmeh Zieaie Amiri and Milad Ghanbarzadeh and Angela Hamidia and Sakine Javadian Kotnaei and Mahboobeh Khoozan and Hoda Shirafkan and Mahasti Emami Hamzehkolaee},
  journal = {Caspian journal of internal medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.22088/cjim.17.3.603},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924348},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Depressive symptoms and related factors in adults with heart failure: A multicenter cross-sectional study in northern Iran (2022-2023).
AU  - Romina Hamzehpour
AU  - Naghmeh Zieaie Amiri
AU  - Milad Ghanbarzadeh
AU  - Angela Hamidia
AU  - Sakine Javadian Kotnaei
AU  - Mahboobeh Khoozan
AU  - Hoda Shirafkan
AU  - Mahasti Emami Hamzehkolaee
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/01
JO  - Caspian journal of internal medicine
DO  - 10.22088/cjim.17.3.603
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924348
AB  - Background  Depressive symptoms are frequent in patients with heart failure (HF), but estimates vary across settings. Clarifying their burden and related factors can inform integrated care. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in adults with HF and identify associated factors.Methods  We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study (June 2022-February 2023) in cardiology wards and outpatient clinics of three hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences, northern Iran. Consecutive adults (≥18 years) with cardiologist-confirmed HF completed the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17); a score >7 was considered indicative of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Independent correlates of depressive symptoms were examined using multivariable logistic regression.Results  Of 250 participants (mean age 60.3±15.1 years; 46.4% women), 51 (20.4%) had depressive symptoms (HAM-D-17 >7): mild 18.4%, moderate 1.6%, severe 0.4%. In unadjusted analyses, depressive symptoms were more common in women, in unemployed and unmarried participants, and in those with more advanced New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. In multivariable models, female sex (OR 6.57, 95% CI 2.91-14.85) and higher NYHA class were associated with depressive symptoms (p<0.01), whereas left ventricular ejection fraction and HF etiology were not.Conclusion  Approximately one fifth of adults with HF had clinically relevant depressive symptoms, particularly women and patients with worse functional status. Routine screening and integrated psychosocial care should be incorporated into HF management, with special attention to patients in advanced NYHA classes.
SN  - 2008-6164
SN  - 2008-6172
ER  -