A FTO/MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI composite for the development of light-responsive electrodes for solar-integrated hybrid supercapacitors.
- 1Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P. O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia.
- 2Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Campus Lahore Islamabad Pakistan [email protected] [email protected].
Abstract
The development of multifunctional electrodes capable of simultaneously harvesting solar energy and storing electrical charge is highly attractive for next-generation self-powered energy systems. Herein, we introduce a ternary MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂ heterostructure as a multifunctional photo-electrochemical electrode, in which highly conductive MXene, broadband photoresponsive PdTe₂, and semiconducting TiO₂ are synergistically integrated to couple solar-energy harvesting with electrochemical charge storage. The distinctive ternary architecture promotes interfacial charge separation and transfer, facilitates ion diffusion, and accelerates faradaic reaction kinetics, enabling the construction of a photo-electrochemical hybrid asymmetric MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC supercapacitor. The resulting MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂-electrode has a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16%, a high value of fill factor (FF) of 87%, and a maximum open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.74 V. The obtained values of Schottky barrier height and ideality factor (Φ = 0.35, and n = 1.22) also prove the positive charge transfer dynamics and minimum ionic recombination loss. The MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC hybrid device offered the highest specific charge (Q s) of 279 C g⁻¹, energy density of 45 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 2469.77 W kg⁻¹, and it has a high retention of 98.36% over 10 000 cycles, indicating its good long-term stability of operation under solar illumination because of effective photogenerated electrons by the PdTe₂-TiO₂ synergy. Collectively, these findings indicate that MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC is a high-performance photoelectrochemical electrode that couples solar energy harvesting with improved electrochemical charge storage, providing a potential platform for next-generation solar-assisted and photo-rechargeable hybrid energy storage technologies.
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BibTeX
@article{almunyif2026ftomxenepdte₂tio₂pani,
title = {{A FTO/MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI composite for the development of light-responsive electrodes for solar-integrated hybrid supercapacitors.}},
author = {Amjad A Almunyif and Ahdab Khalid Althukair and Saba Khalil and Amir Muhammad Afzal},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra05563j},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42846094},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A FTO/MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI composite for the development of light-responsive electrodes for solar-integrated hybrid supercapacitors.
AU - Amjad A Almunyif
AU - Ahdab Khalid Althukair
AU - Saba Khalil
AU - Amir Muhammad Afzal
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra05563j
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42846094
AB - The development of multifunctional electrodes capable of simultaneously harvesting solar energy and storing electrical charge is highly attractive for next-generation self-powered energy systems. Herein, we introduce a ternary MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂ heterostructure as a multifunctional photo-electrochemical electrode, in which highly conductive MXene, broadband photoresponsive PdTe₂, and semiconducting TiO₂ are synergistically integrated to couple solar-energy harvesting with electrochemical charge storage. The distinctive ternary architecture promotes interfacial charge separation and transfer, facilitates ion diffusion, and accelerates faradaic reaction kinetics, enabling the construction of a photo-electrochemical hybrid asymmetric MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC supercapacitor. The resulting MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂-electrode has a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16%, a high value of fill factor (FF) of 87%, and a maximum open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.74 V. The obtained values of Schottky barrier height and ideality factor (Φ = 0.35, and n = 1.22) also prove the positive charge transfer dynamics and minimum ionic recombination loss. The MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC hybrid device offered the highest specific charge (Q s) of 279 C g⁻¹, energy density of 45 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 2469.77 W kg⁻¹, and it has a high retention of 98.36% over 10 000 cycles, indicating its good long-term stability of operation under solar illumination because of effective photogenerated electrons by the PdTe₂-TiO₂ synergy. Collectively, these findings indicate that MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC is a high-performance photoelectrochemical electrode that couples solar energy harvesting with improved electrochemical charge storage, providing a potential platform for next-generation solar-assisted and photo-rechargeable hybrid energy storage technologies.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -