Highly sensitive square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry at H-terminated BDD for ultra-trace fomesafen determination in water and soil
- 1Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais. R. Ver. Geraldo Moisés da Silva, s/n - Universitário, Ituiutaba, MG, C. P. 38301-192, Brazil
- 2Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, C. P. 38400-902, Brazil
- 3Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais. R. Ver. Geraldo Moisés da Silva, s/n - Universitário, Ituiutaba, MG, C. P. 38301-192, Brazil; Corresponding author.
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides demands sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective analytical methods for environmental monitoring. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of herbicide fomesafen (FMS) was systematically investigated at a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD). FMS exhibited distinctive electrochemical behavior at the cathodically pretreated BDD surface (CPT-BDD). Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed a previously unreported irreversible, diffusion-controlled anodic oxidation process at approximately 0.38 V that strongly depends on a preceding cathodic reduction step. Exploiting this pathway, a novel square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) method was developed. Experimental parameters were systematically optimized, demonstrating that cathodic pretreatment significantly enhances the analytical response, while the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) substantially improves signal stability and repeatability. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method enabled sensitive quantification of FMS under ambient conditions, eliminating the deoxygenation step required by the previously reported cathodic electrochemical method. The method exhibited two linear concentration ranges, from 22.9 to 123 nmol L −1 and from 123 to 909 nmol L −1 (R 2 > 0.995), achieving a detection limit of 2.49 nmol L −1 and satisfactory precision ( RSD < 8.1%). In comparison with reported approaches, this methodology introduces a previously unexplored anodic pathway for FMS determination. These results provide new insights into FMS electrochemistry at cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (CPT-BDD) and demonstrate that SWASV provides high analytical performance, combining high analytical sensitivity with a low LOD for ultra-trace herbicide monitoring.
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BibTeX
@article{pereira2026highly,
title = {{Highly sensitive square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry at H-terminated BDD for ultra-trace fomesafen determination in water and soil}},
author = {André F. Pereira and Christiano C. de Matos and Ricardo F. Brocenschi and Bruna C. Lourencao},
journal = {Talanta Open},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.talo.2026.100695},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2026.100695},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Highly sensitive square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry at H-terminated BDD for ultra-trace fomesafen determination in water and soil
AU - André F. Pereira
AU - Christiano C. de Matos
AU - Ricardo F. Brocenschi
AU - Bruna C. Lourencao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Talanta Open
DO - 10.1016/j.talo.2026.100695
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2026.100695
AB - The widespread use of pesticides demands sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective analytical methods for environmental monitoring. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of herbicide fomesafen (FMS) was systematically investigated at a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD). FMS exhibited distinctive electrochemical behavior at the cathodically pretreated BDD surface (CPT-BDD). Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed a previously unreported irreversible, diffusion-controlled anodic oxidation process at approximately 0.38 V that strongly depends on a preceding cathodic reduction step. Exploiting this pathway, a novel square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) method was developed. Experimental parameters were systematically optimized, demonstrating that cathodic pretreatment significantly enhances the analytical response, while the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) substantially improves signal stability and repeatability. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method enabled sensitive quantification of FMS under ambient conditions, eliminating the deoxygenation step required by the previously reported cathodic electrochemical method. The method exhibited two linear concentration ranges, from 22.9 to 123 nmol L −1 and from 123 to 909 nmol L −1 (R 2 > 0.995), achieving a detection limit of 2.49 nmol L −1 and satisfactory precision ( RSD < 8.1%). In comparison with reported approaches, this methodology introduces a previously unexplored anodic pathway for FMS determination. These results provide new insights into FMS electrochemistry at cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (CPT-BDD) and demonstrate that SWASV provides high analytical performance, combining high analytical sensitivity with a low LOD for ultra-trace herbicide monitoring.
SN - 2666-8319
ER -