GO/Cysteamine-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Cadmium in Fortified Mango and Avocado Digestates.
5 affiliations
- 1Functional Foods and Bioengineering Research Group, National University of Frontera, Av. San Hilarión No. 101, Sullana 20101, Peru.
- 2Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil.
- 3Faculty of Engineering of Food Industries and Biotechnology, Academic Department of Food Industries Engineering, National University of Frontera, Av. San Hilarión No. 101, Sullana 20101, Peru.
- 43R Aerospace & Nanotechnology, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- 5Department of Engineering, National University of Barranca, Barranca 15169, Peru.
Abstract
Cadmium contamination in fruits is a relevant food-safety concern because of its toxicity, environmental persistence, and potential transfer from agricultural soils to edible plant tissues. This study developed a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with graphene oxide and cysteamine (SPCE/GO-cysteamine) to determine Cd(II) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Two surface-modification routes, GO-cysteamine and GO-rGO-cysteamine, and GO concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg mL⁻¹ were compared by cyclic voltammetry. The direct GO-cysteamine route at 0.2 mg mL⁻¹ produced the highest CV response among the tested conditions and was selected for Cd(II) determination. Raman spectroscopy FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the graphene-based materials employed during surface optimization. Cd(II) concentrations from 1 to 10 µg L⁻¹ were experimentally evaluated; with a calculated LOQ of 0.74 µg L⁻¹, the entire experimentally evaluated range of 1-10 µg L⁻¹, with a sensitivity of 11.30 µA (µg L⁻¹)⁻¹, R² = 0.9892, a limit of detection of 0.25 µg L⁻¹ and a limit of quantification of 0.74 µg L⁻¹. Fortified Kent mango and Hass avocado digestates also showed concentration-dependent responses, with R² values of 0.9799 and 0.9788, respectively, and relative standard deviations below 5%. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the SPCE/GO-cysteamine platform for Cd(II) determination in digested fruit matrices and support its further development as a portable screening approach for food-quality control.
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BibTeX
@article{rufino2026gocysteaminemodified,
title = {{GO/Cysteamine-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Cadmium in Fortified Mango and Avocado Digestates.}},
author = {Miguel Angel Lozada Rufino and Eulogia Isabel Zapata Peña and Gonzalo Manuel Delgado Valdiviezo and Rosa Gisela Ortiz Castillo and Grecia Xiomara Herrera Gavilan and David César Ardiles Saravia and Luis Alfredo Espinoza-Espinoza and Karina Silvana Gutiérrez-Valverde},
journal = {Biosensors},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/bios16100544},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930091},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - GO/Cysteamine-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Cadmium in Fortified Mango and Avocado Digestates.
AU - Miguel Angel Lozada Rufino
AU - Eulogia Isabel Zapata Peña
AU - Gonzalo Manuel Delgado Valdiviezo
AU - Rosa Gisela Ortiz Castillo
AU - Grecia Xiomara Herrera Gavilan
AU - David César Ardiles Saravia
AU - Luis Alfredo Espinoza-Espinoza
AU - Karina Silvana Gutiérrez-Valverde
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/29
JO - Biosensors
DO - 10.3390/bios16100544
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930091
AB - Cadmium contamination in fruits is a relevant food-safety concern because of its toxicity, environmental persistence, and potential transfer from agricultural soils to edible plant tissues. This study developed a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with graphene oxide and cysteamine (SPCE/GO-cysteamine) to determine Cd(II) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Two surface-modification routes, GO-cysteamine and GO-rGO-cysteamine, and GO concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg mL⁻¹ were compared by cyclic voltammetry. The direct GO-cysteamine route at 0.2 mg mL⁻¹ produced the highest CV response among the tested conditions and was selected for Cd(II) determination. Raman spectroscopy FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the graphene-based materials employed during surface optimization. Cd(II) concentrations from 1 to 10 µg L⁻¹ were experimentally evaluated; with a calculated LOQ of 0.74 µg L⁻¹, the entire experimentally evaluated range of 1-10 µg L⁻¹, with a sensitivity of 11.30 µA (µg L⁻¹)⁻¹, R² = 0.9892, a limit of detection of 0.25 µg L⁻¹ and a limit of quantification of 0.74 µg L⁻¹. Fortified Kent mango and Hass avocado digestates also showed concentration-dependent responses, with R² values of 0.9799 and 0.9788, respectively, and relative standard deviations below 5%. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the SPCE/GO-cysteamine platform for Cd(II) determination in digested fruit matrices and support its further development as a portable screening approach for food-quality control.
SN - 2079-6374
ER -