Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Origanum sipyleum and Sideritis pisidica: LC–MS/MS Phenolic Profiles and Bioactivities
- 1Department of Health Care Services, Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Türkiye
Abstract
Origanum sipyleum and Sideritis pisidica are endemic Turkish Lamiaceae species with previously reported phytochemistry and bioactivities, but matched-condition comparisons remain limited. This study aimed to compare aqueous extracts prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction (5 g/100 mL water, 40 kHz, 360 W nominal ultrasonic power, 3 h, approximately 40 °C). A previously established 28-compound panel was analyzed by LC–MS/MS, alongside total phenolic and flavonoid contents, six antioxidant assays, and five enzyme-inhibitory assays. Eighteen and 19 phenolic compounds were detected in O. sipyleum and S. pisidica, respectively. Protocatechuic acid predominated in O. sipyleum (2334.15 µg/g extract), whereas chlorogenic acid predominated in S. pisidica (3525.31 µg/g extract). O. sipyleum exhibited significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and greater radical-scavenging and reducing activities, while phosphomolybdenum and ferrous-ion chelating activities were statistically comparable. Butyrylcholinesterase and α-amylase inhibitor-equivalent activities were statistically comparable between the species, whereas S. pisidica exhibited higher acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory (3.14 versus 2.94 mg galantamine equivalents/g extract) and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities (23.90 versus 21.01 mg kojic acid equivalents/g extract). O. sipyleum also displayed α-glucosidase inhibition (319.56 mg acarbose equivalents/g extract), while no inhibition was detected for S. pisidica within 0.1–5.0 mg/mL. This comparison identifies contrasting targeted phenolic profiles and assay-dependent in vitro responses without establishing compound-level causality.
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BibTeX
@article{unlu2026ultrasoundassisted,
title = {{Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Origanum sipyleum and Sideritis pisidica: LC–MS/MS Phenolic Profiles and Bioactivities}},
author = {Ümmühan Ünlü},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31213956},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3956},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Origanum sipyleum and Sideritis pisidica: LC–MS/MS Phenolic Profiles and Bioactivities
AU - Ümmühan Ünlü
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31213956
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3956
AB - Origanum sipyleum and Sideritis pisidica are endemic Turkish Lamiaceae species with previously reported phytochemistry and bioactivities, but matched-condition comparisons remain limited. This study aimed to compare aqueous extracts prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction (5 g/100 mL water, 40 kHz, 360 W nominal ultrasonic power, 3 h, approximately 40 °C). A previously established 28-compound panel was analyzed by LC–MS/MS, alongside total phenolic and flavonoid contents, six antioxidant assays, and five enzyme-inhibitory assays. Eighteen and 19 phenolic compounds were detected in O. sipyleum and S. pisidica, respectively. Protocatechuic acid predominated in O. sipyleum (2334.15 µg/g extract), whereas chlorogenic acid predominated in S. pisidica (3525.31 µg/g extract). O. sipyleum exhibited significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and greater radical-scavenging and reducing activities, while phosphomolybdenum and ferrous-ion chelating activities were statistically comparable. Butyrylcholinesterase and α-amylase inhibitor-equivalent activities were statistically comparable between the species, whereas S. pisidica exhibited higher acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory (3.14 versus 2.94 mg galantamine equivalents/g extract) and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities (23.90 versus 21.01 mg kojic acid equivalents/g extract). O. sipyleum also displayed α-glucosidase inhibition (319.56 mg acarbose equivalents/g extract), while no inhibition was detected for S. pisidica within 0.1–5.0 mg/mL. This comparison identifies contrasting targeted phenolic profiles and assay-dependent in vitro responses without establishing compound-level causality.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -