Allergen Spectrum and House Dust Mite Component-Resolved Sensitization Patterns in Children with Allergic Rhinitis: A Two-Stage Study.
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
Background
House dust mite (HDM) is the predominant indoor allergen in children with allergic rhinitis (AR), but conventional binary reporting obscures both sensitization intensity and component-specific profiles.Methods
This two-stage retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 2036 children (1-15 years) with AR. Serum sIgE against 19 allergens was measured by immunoblot (≥0.35 kU/L positive). D. pteronyssinus-positive samples were stratified into six sensitization grades. In Stage 2, 110 HDM-positive children underwent component-resolved diagnostics for Der p 1, Der p 2, Der f 1, Der f 2, Der p 23, and Der p 10.Results
D. pteronyssinus was the most prevalent allergen (43.91%, 894/2036; 95% CI 41.77-46.07%). Boys had higher positivity than girls (46.34% vs 39.50%; OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.59), but among sensitized children, high-grade sensitization (≥grade 4) was similar between sexes (69.08% vs 66.43%, P=0.427). In cross-sectional analyses, the proportion of grade 6 sensitization (>100 kU/L) increased with age, from 15.00% at age 3 to 25.51% at age 5 and 34.58% at age 6. Component positivity rates were: Der f 1 72.73% (80/110), Der p 1 70.91% (78/110), Der f 2 64.55% (71/110), Der p 2 62.73% (69/110), Der p 23 41.82% (46/110), and Der p 10 11.82% (13/110). Co-sensitization between Der p 1 and Der p 23 occurred in only 53.85% of Der p 1-positive children. Exclusive sensitization to D. farinae (0.91%; 95% CI 0.16-4.97%) or Der p 23 (0.91%; 95% CI 0.16-4.97%) was rare.Conclusion
HDM is the leading allergen in pediatric AR in East China. Cross-sectional analyses identified an age-associated increase in the proportion of high-grade sensitization that was most evident around 5-6 years of age. CRD revealed Der p 23 as a major sensitizing component whose sensitization frequently occurred independently of group 1 allergens. Because clinical allergy phenotypes and AIT outcomes were not assessed, the utility of component-resolved profiles for guiding AIT selection requires prospective validation.
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BibTeX
@article{xu2026allergen,
title = {{Allergen Spectrum and House Dust Mite Component-Resolved Sensitization Patterns in Children with Allergic Rhinitis: A Two-Stage Study.}},
author = {Xudong Xu and Cuiying Ye and Dong Chen and Xiangyang Xiao and Zhichang Wang and Xinfeng Zhao},
journal = {Journal of asthma and allergy},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.2147/jaa.s641282},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974113},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Allergen Spectrum and House Dust Mite Component-Resolved Sensitization Patterns in Children with Allergic Rhinitis: A Two-Stage Study.
AU - Xudong Xu
AU - Cuiying Ye
AU - Dong Chen
AU - Xiangyang Xiao
AU - Zhichang Wang
AU - Xinfeng Zhao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
JO - Journal of asthma and allergy
DO - 10.2147/jaa.s641282
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974113
AB - Background House dust mite (HDM) is the predominant indoor allergen in children with allergic rhinitis (AR), but conventional binary reporting obscures both sensitization intensity and component-specific profiles.Methods This two-stage retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 2036 children (1-15 years) with AR. Serum sIgE against 19 allergens was measured by immunoblot (≥0.35 kU/L positive). D. pteronyssinus-positive samples were stratified into six sensitization grades. In Stage 2, 110 HDM-positive children underwent component-resolved diagnostics for Der p 1, Der p 2, Der f 1, Der f 2, Der p 23, and Der p 10.Results D. pteronyssinus was the most prevalent allergen (43.91%, 894/2036; 95% CI 41.77-46.07%). Boys had higher positivity than girls (46.34% vs 39.50%; OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.59), but among sensitized children, high-grade sensitization (≥grade 4) was similar between sexes (69.08% vs 66.43%, P=0.427). In cross-sectional analyses, the proportion of grade 6 sensitization (>100 kU/L) increased with age, from 15.00% at age 3 to 25.51% at age 5 and 34.58% at age 6. Component positivity rates were: Der f 1 72.73% (80/110), Der p 1 70.91% (78/110), Der f 2 64.55% (71/110), Der p 2 62.73% (69/110), Der p 23 41.82% (46/110), and Der p 10 11.82% (13/110). Co-sensitization between Der p 1 and Der p 23 occurred in only 53.85% of Der p 1-positive children. Exclusive sensitization to D. farinae (0.91%; 95% CI 0.16-4.97%) or Der p 23 (0.91%; 95% CI 0.16-4.97%) was rare.Conclusion HDM is the leading allergen in pediatric AR in East China. Cross-sectional analyses identified an age-associated increase in the proportion of high-grade sensitization that was most evident around 5-6 years of age. CRD revealed Der p 23 as a major sensitizing component whose sensitization frequently occurred independently of group 1 allergens. Because clinical allergy phenotypes and AIT outcomes were not assessed, the utility of component-resolved profiles for guiding AIT selection requires prospective validation.
SN - 1178-6965
ER -