Effects of the Glycerol/Quercetin Ratio on the Structure and Tensile Behavior of PVA-Based Films
5 affiliations
- 1Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
- 2Graduate Program in Sciences and Technologies in Education (PPGCITED), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFSul), Pelotas 96060-290, RS, Brazil
- 3Graduate Program in Electronics and Computer Engineering (MEEC), Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas 96015-560, RS, Brazil
- 4Graduate Program in Materials Engineering and Science (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, RS, Brazil
- 5Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPCEM), Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Bagé 96413-172, RS, Brazil
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based films containing glycerol and quercetin were prepared by casting as potential active-packaging materials. The effects of the glycerol/quercetin ratio on structural, thermal, mechanical, barrier, and antioxidant properties were investigated. Neat PVA and ternary formulations with PVA/glycerol/quercetin ratios of 70/20/10 (PVA+Gly+Q10) and 70/10/20 (PVA+Gly+Q20) by mass were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, contact angle, TGA/DTG, tensile testing, water vapor permeability (WVP), total phenolic content, and DPPH assays. FTIR indicated changes in hydrogen bonding without new covalent functionalities, while apparent whole-film crystallinity indices were 16.2%, 11.1%, and 10.6%, respectively. Tensile tests included additional glycerol-rich and quercetin-rich endpoint controls to characterize the mechanical range of the formulation series. Neat PVA exhibited the highest maximum stress (15.67±1.49 MPa). PVA+Gly+Q20 showed a strain at break of 256.87±115.68% and an apparent tensile modulus of 26.61±3.40 MPa. The glycerol-rich endpoint exhibited high extensibility, whereas the quercetin-rich endpoint showed a markedly higher apparent tensile modulus (404.69±45.72 MPa). DPPH activity increased from 11.18% for PVA to 35.38% and 44.31% for PVA+Gly+Q10 and PVA+Gly+Q20, respectively. PVA+Gly+Q20 also exhibited approximately 68% lower mean WVP than PVA+Gly+Q10, with no significant formulation effect. These results support further development of PVA+Gly+Q20 for active packaging.
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BibTeX
@article{silva2026effects,
title = {{Effects of the Glycerol/Quercetin Ratio on the Structure and Tensile Behavior of PVA-Based Films}},
author = {Sarah Kalli Silva da Silva and Nathalia Vieira Villar de Nunes and Chiara das Dores do Nascimento and Eduarda Vieira Silva and Everton Granemann Souza and Camila Monteiro Cholant and Ivandra Ignes de Santi and Amanda Dantas de Oliveira and Cesar Aguzzoli and Alexandre Ferreira Galio and André Luiz Missio},
journal = {Polymers},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/polym18192452},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666965},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of the Glycerol/Quercetin Ratio on the Structure and Tensile Behavior of PVA-Based Films
AU - Sarah Kalli Silva da Silva
AU - Nathalia Vieira Villar de Nunes
AU - Chiara das Dores do Nascimento
AU - Eduarda Vieira Silva
AU - Everton Granemann Souza
AU - Camila Monteiro Cholant
AU - Ivandra Ignes de Santi
AU - Amanda Dantas de Oliveira
AU - Cesar Aguzzoli
AU - Alexandre Ferreira Galio
AU - André Luiz Missio
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Polymers
DO - 10.3390/polym18192452
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666965
AB - Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based films containing glycerol and quercetin were prepared by casting as potential active-packaging materials. The effects of the glycerol/quercetin ratio on structural, thermal, mechanical, barrier, and antioxidant properties were investigated. Neat PVA and ternary formulations with PVA/glycerol/quercetin ratios of 70/20/10 (PVA+Gly+Q10) and 70/10/20 (PVA+Gly+Q20) by mass were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, contact angle, TGA/DTG, tensile testing, water vapor permeability (WVP), total phenolic content, and DPPH assays. FTIR indicated changes in hydrogen bonding without new covalent functionalities, while apparent whole-film crystallinity indices were 16.2%, 11.1%, and 10.6%, respectively. Tensile tests included additional glycerol-rich and quercetin-rich endpoint controls to characterize the mechanical range of the formulation series. Neat PVA exhibited the highest maximum stress (15.67±1.49 MPa). PVA+Gly+Q20 showed a strain at break of 256.87±115.68% and an apparent tensile modulus of 26.61±3.40 MPa. The glycerol-rich endpoint exhibited high extensibility, whereas the quercetin-rich endpoint showed a markedly higher apparent tensile modulus (404.69±45.72 MPa). DPPH activity increased from 11.18% for PVA to 35.38% and 44.31% for PVA+Gly+Q10 and PVA+Gly+Q20, respectively. PVA+Gly+Q20 also exhibited approximately 68% lower mean WVP than PVA+Gly+Q10, with no significant formulation effect. These results support further development of PVA+Gly+Q20 for active packaging.
SN - 2073-4360
ER -