Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Acmella oleracea L. Leaves: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Comparison with Percolation
- 1Federal University of Pará , , , ,
- 2Marajó-Breves University Campus, Federal University of Pará , , , ,
Abstract
The extract of Acmella oleracea L. (jambu) contains significant amounts of spilanthol and phenolic compounds, which have wide-ranging applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this study was to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hydroethanolic extracts from A. oleracea L. using a Box–Behnken factorial design combined with response surface methodology and to directly compare the results with those of the conventional percolation method. The effects of the ethanol-to-water ratio, extraction time, and solid-to-solvent ratio were evaluated on yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used for chemical characterization and extraction monitoring. For UAE, the optimal conditions established were an ethanol/water ratio of 47:53 (v/v), an extraction time of 13.2 min, and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 (m/v). In contrast, optimal percolation yielded an 11.03% recovery using a 70:30 (v/v) ethanol/water ratio. UAE provided a significantly higher yield (17.61%) and better recovery of bioactive compounds, as well as superior antioxidant activity in all assays. FT-IR analysis confirmed the preservation of functional groups, demonstrating that UAE optimizes the recovery of oxygen-containing compounds. It is concluded that UAE is a green, rapid, and sustainable alternative that maximizes the potential of A. oleracea L. for future cosmetic and nutritional formulations.
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BibTeX
@article{santos2026ultrasoundassisted,
title = {{Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Acmella oleracea L. Leaves: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Comparison with Percolation}},
author = {Robert C. S. P. dos Santos and Taís V. G. Alves and Ana Carolina G. A. Freitas and Ana Marla D. Souza and Manolo Cleiton C. Freitas and Camilo B. Teixeira and Roseane M. Ribeiro-Costa and José Otávio C. Silva-Júnior},
journal = {ACS Omega},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c01930},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c01930/5466274/Ultrasound-Assisted-Extraction-of-Bioactive},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Acmella oleracea L. Leaves: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Comparison with Percolation
AU - Robert C. S. P. dos Santos
AU - Taís V. G. Alves
AU - Ana Carolina G. A. Freitas
AU - Ana Marla D. Souza
AU - Manolo Cleiton C. Freitas
AU - Camilo B. Teixeira
AU - Roseane M. Ribeiro-Costa
AU - José Otávio C. Silva-Júnior
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/08
JO - ACS Omega
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.6c01930
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c01930/5466274/Ultrasound-Assisted-Extraction-of-Bioactive
AB - The extract of Acmella oleracea L. (jambu) contains significant amounts of spilanthol and phenolic compounds, which have wide-ranging applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this study was to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hydroethanolic extracts from A. oleracea L. using a Box–Behnken factorial design combined with response surface methodology and to directly compare the results with those of the conventional percolation method. The effects of the ethanol-to-water ratio, extraction time, and solid-to-solvent ratio were evaluated on yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used for chemical characterization and extraction monitoring. For UAE, the optimal conditions established were an ethanol/water ratio of 47:53 (v/v), an extraction time of 13.2 min, and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 (m/v). In contrast, optimal percolation yielded an 11.03% recovery using a 70:30 (v/v) ethanol/water ratio. UAE provided a significantly higher yield (17.61%) and better recovery of bioactive compounds, as well as superior antioxidant activity in all assays. FT-IR analysis confirmed the preservation of functional groups, demonstrating that UAE optimizes the recovery of oxygen-containing compounds. It is concluded that UAE is a green, rapid, and sustainable alternative that maximizes the potential of A. oleracea L. for future cosmetic and nutritional formulations.
SN - 2470-1343
ER -