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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Metabolites

Detection of Sulfur Mustard Adducts in Eye Compartments Following Ocular Exposure in Rabbits

  • Fanny Gros-Désormeaux1
  • Fanny Caffin1
  • Alexandre Igert1
  • Jade Boudard2
  • Sylvain Caillat2
  • Jihéne Bouhlel3
  • François Fenaille3
  • Thierry Douki2
  1. 1Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
  2. 2Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES UMR 5819, 38000 Grenoble, France
  3. 3Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, MetaboHUB IDF, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Sulfur mustard (SM) is an old warfare agent that remains a threat to both military personnel and civilians. SM contamination occurs through three main routes: dermal contact, inhalation, and ocular exposure. The clinical consequences of ocular exposure range from conjunctivitis and ulcerations to blindness. While these pathophysiological consequences are well-established, the mechanisms of action of SM in the eyes are not fully understood. Methods: The present study, which was conducted in rabbits, aimed at quantifying a series of biomarkers resulting from the electrophilic addition of SM to glutathione and nucleic acids in multiple biological matrices. This allowed us to investigate the distribution of SM within the ocular sphere and its diffusion to distant organs. Results: SM biomarkers were detected in large amounts in tears and aqueous humor but at substantially lower levels in the vitreous humor. No evidence of diffusion was observed from the exposed eye to plasma and distant organs, including the brain, liver, and lungs. Conclusions: These results are in agreement with a role for the cornea as a major sink for SM, thereby preventing damage to other ocular compartments and systemic diffusion.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{grosdesormeaux2026detection,
  title = {{Detection of Sulfur Mustard Adducts in Eye Compartments Following Ocular Exposure in Rabbits}},
  author = {Fanny Gros-Désormeaux and Fanny Caffin and Alexandre Igert and Jade Boudard and Sylvain Caillat and Jihéne Bouhlel and François Fenaille and Thierry Douki},
  journal = {Metabolites},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/metabo16100792},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/792},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Detection of Sulfur Mustard Adducts in Eye Compartments Following Ocular Exposure in Rabbits
AU  - Fanny Gros-Désormeaux
AU  - Fanny Caffin
AU  - Alexandre Igert
AU  - Jade Boudard
AU  - Sylvain Caillat
AU  - Jihéne Bouhlel
AU  - François Fenaille
AU  - Thierry Douki
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - Metabolites
DO  - 10.3390/metabo16100792
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/792
AB  - Background/Objectives: Sulfur mustard (SM) is an old warfare agent that remains a threat to both military personnel and civilians. SM contamination occurs through three main routes: dermal contact, inhalation, and ocular exposure. The clinical consequences of ocular exposure range from conjunctivitis and ulcerations to blindness. While these pathophysiological consequences are well-established, the mechanisms of action of SM in the eyes are not fully understood. Methods: The present study, which was conducted in rabbits, aimed at quantifying a series of biomarkers resulting from the electrophilic addition of SM to glutathione and nucleic acids in multiple biological matrices. This allowed us to investigate the distribution of SM within the ocular sphere and its diffusion to distant organs. Results: SM biomarkers were detected in large amounts in tears and aqueous humor but at substantially lower levels in the vitreous humor. No evidence of diffusion was observed from the exposed eye to plasma and distant organs, including the brain, liver, and lungs. Conclusions: These results are in agreement with a role for the cornea as a major sink for SM, thereby preventing damage to other ocular compartments and systemic diffusion.
SN  - 2218-1989
ER  -