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Peer-reviewedCC BYGlobal challenges (Hoboken, NJ)

Global Warming and Type 2 Diabetes: Sex and Gender as Drivers in a Multidimensional Feedback Loop.

  1. 1Gender-Specific Prevention and Health Unit Centre For Gender-Specific Medicine Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy.

Abstract

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a determinant of metabolic health. Emerging evidence indicates that rising temperatures impair glucose homeostasis-specifically through reduced brown adipose tissue activity and increased insulin resistance-thereby exacerbating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Concurrently, food systems drive substantial greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), with gender-differentiated dietary patterns uniquely influencing both environmental impact and health outcomes. In this perspective, we move beyond well-established separate links to propose an original integrated and systemic conceptual framework. This framework connects gender-related drivers in dietary behaviors, GHGE, global warming, brown adipose tissue dysfunction, and T2DM risk into an integrated multidimensional feedback model, providing a novel basis to generate hypotheses for future mechanistic, epidemiological, and intervention studies, supporting gender-sensitive prevention strategies.

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BibTeX
@article{darchivio2026global,
  title = {{Global Warming and Type 2 Diabetes: Sex and Gender as Drivers in a Multidimensional Feedback Loop.}},
  author = {Massimo D'Archivio and Giulia Zanchi and Alessia Tammaro and Roberta Masella and Claudia Cataldo},
  journal = {Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/gch2.70140},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898555},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global Warming and Type 2 Diabetes: Sex and Gender as Drivers in a Multidimensional Feedback Loop.
AU  - Massimo D'Archivio
AU  - Giulia Zanchi
AU  - Alessia Tammaro
AU  - Roberta Masella
AU  - Claudia Cataldo
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/18
JO  - Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ)
DO  - 10.1002/gch2.70140
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898555
AB  - Climate change is increasingly recognized as a determinant of metabolic health. Emerging evidence indicates that rising temperatures impair glucose homeostasis-specifically through reduced brown adipose tissue activity and increased insulin resistance-thereby exacerbating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Concurrently, food systems drive substantial greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), with gender-differentiated dietary patterns uniquely influencing both environmental impact and health outcomes. In this perspective, we move beyond well-established separate links to propose an original integrated and systemic conceptual framework. This framework connects gender-related drivers in dietary behaviors, GHGE, global warming, brown adipose tissue dysfunction, and T2DM risk into an integrated multidimensional feedback model, providing a novel basis to generate hypotheses for future mechanistic, epidemiological, and intervention studies, supporting gender-sensitive prevention strategies.
SN  - 2056-6646
ER  -