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Peer-reviewedCC BYFood Chemistry: X

Research progress on the metabolic fate of citrus flavonoids and strategies to improve bioavailability

  • Jingjing Geng1
  • Jing Deng2
  • Wenhu Zhou
  • Wen Li2
  • Jintao He1
  • Qinlu Lin3
  • Jie Bai1
  • Qingming Cao1
  1. 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
  2. 2College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Corresponding authors at: National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
  3. 3College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
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Abstract

Citrus flavonoids have various health-promoting effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory activities, whereas their low oral bioavailability greatly impairs their in vivo efficacy. Substitution patterns of hydroxyl, methoxyl, and glycosyl groups determine their metabolic fate. As a narrative review, this paper follows the thread of “structure-metabolism-efficacy” and reviews literature covering metabolism, gut microbiota, delivery systems, structural modifications, in vivo bioactivity, and clinical studies. Molecular-structure-based comparisons of bioavailability-enhancement strategies are made. Most bioactivity findings are derived from cellular and animal studies, while human pharmacokinetic and clinical data remain scarce. Prospects, including AI-assisted formulation, personalized nutrition, and high-value utilization of citrus by-products, are discussed, aiming to provide an in-depth theoretical reference for the development of citrus-flavonoid-based functional products.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{geng2026research,
  title = {{Research progress on the metabolic fate of citrus flavonoids and strategies to improve bioavailability}},
  author = {Jingjing Geng and Jing Deng and Wenhu Zhou and Wen Li and Jintao He and Qinlu Lin and Jie Bai and Qingming Cao},
  journal = {Food Chemistry: X},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104433},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104433},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Research progress on the metabolic fate of citrus flavonoids and strategies to improve bioavailability
AU  - Jingjing Geng
AU  - Jing Deng
AU  - Wenhu Zhou
AU  - Wen Li
AU  - Jintao He
AU  - Qinlu Lin
AU  - Jie Bai
AU  - Qingming Cao
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/28
JO  - Food Chemistry: X
DO  - 10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104433
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104433
AB  - Citrus flavonoids have various health-promoting effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory activities, whereas their low oral bioavailability greatly impairs their in vivo efficacy. Substitution patterns of hydroxyl, methoxyl, and glycosyl groups determine their metabolic fate. As a narrative review, this paper follows the thread of “structure-metabolism-efficacy” and reviews literature covering metabolism, gut microbiota, delivery systems, structural modifications, in vivo bioactivity, and clinical studies. Molecular-structure-based comparisons of bioavailability-enhancement strategies are made. Most bioactivity findings are derived from cellular and animal studies, while human pharmacokinetic and clinical data remain scarce. Prospects, including AI-assisted formulation, personalized nutrition, and high-value utilization of citrus by-products, are discussed, aiming to provide an in-depth theoretical reference for the development of citrus-flavonoid-based functional products.
SN  - 2590-1575
ER  -