Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of polysaccharides from Melastoma dodecandrum: RSM optimization, ANN prediction, kinetics, structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activity
4 affiliations
- 1School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- 2School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China. Electronic address: [email protected]
- 3School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China. Electronic address: [email protected]
- 4School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China. Electronic address: [email protected]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides have attracted much attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and various biological activities. However, the extraction of polysaccharides from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MD) in a sustainable and effective way remains a challenge. In the present study ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UA-DES) extraction strategy was developed to improve the yield and bioactivity of MD polysaccharides (MDPs). Among the twenty-five prepared DES systems, DES-3.2 (choline chloride:citric acid, 1:2) showed the best extraction performance. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of the extraction parameters and artificial neural network (ANN) model was established to predict the extraction behavior and performance. In addition, extraction kinetics was successfully described by second-order kinetic model. Under the optimized conditions of liquid-solid ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasonic temperature of 60 °C, ultrasonic power of 360 W and ultrasonic time of 90 min, the MDPs yield reached 1.38 %, which was increased by 51.65 % compared with conventional HWE. Furthermore, ANN outperformed RSM in prediction accuracy and effectively captured the complex nonlinear interactions inherent to the extraction process. Structural characterization (SEM, FT-IR, XRD, HPGPC and TGA) analysis revealed that UA-DES extraction caused significant disruption of plant cell walls without changing the characteristic functional groups and amorphous structure of MDPs accompanied by higher molecular weight and thermal stability. Monosaccharide composition analysis identified galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucose as the predominant components with UA-DES extraction significantly enrich the galacturonic acid content compared with HWE. Further, UA-DES extracted MDPs had stronger antioxidant capacity in chemical assays and exerted higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cells by significantly decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophages without cytotoxicity. Additionally, DES-3.2 maintained over 91.25 % recovery after five recycling cycles, with only a 5.78 % loss in extraction efficiency of MDPs. Despite the modest absolute yield of 1.38 %, the excellent recyclability of DES-3.2 provides a strong economic counterbalance by reducing solvent costs and waste generation. Overall, UA-DES extraction is an effective, green, high-performance approach for extracting structurally distinct and bioactive MDPs for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Related
- Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharides: process optimization, purification, physicochemical characterization, and bioactivities.
- Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polysaccharides from Baeckea frutescens L.: Hybrid RSM and GA–BP Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Complementary Activity
- Response Surface Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Bioactive Polysaccharides From Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.) Pods.
- Ultrasound-Assisted Recovery of Chlorogenic Acid From Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Leaves: Process Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Antioxidant Evaluation of the Optimized Extract.
- Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Flavonoids from Hovenia dulcis Thunb: Optimization, Phytochemical Profiling, and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation.
BibTeX
@article{haider2026ultrasoundassisted,
title = {{Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of polysaccharides from Melastoma dodecandrum: RSM optimization, ANN prediction, kinetics, structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activity}},
author = {Waqas Haider and Zhixi Lin and Kuixu Gao and Jingchao Li and Y X Li and Jinnan Zhong and Liuwei Yuan and Z Y Chen and Yuchi Chen and Zhishan Ding and Fangmei Zhou and Mingyuan Zhou},
journal = {Ultrasonics Sonochemistry},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107923},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107923},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of polysaccharides from Melastoma dodecandrum: RSM optimization, ANN prediction, kinetics, structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activity
AU - Waqas Haider
AU - Zhixi Lin
AU - Kuixu Gao
AU - Jingchao Li
AU - Y X Li
AU - Jinnan Zhong
AU - Liuwei Yuan
AU - Z Y Chen
AU - Yuchi Chen
AU - Zhishan Ding
AU - Fangmei Zhou
AU - Mingyuan Zhou
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/14
JO - Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
DO - 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107923
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107923
AB - Natural polysaccharides have attracted much attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and various biological activities. However, the extraction of polysaccharides from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MD) in a sustainable and effective way remains a challenge. In the present study ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UA-DES) extraction strategy was developed to improve the yield and bioactivity of MD polysaccharides (MDPs). Among the twenty-five prepared DES systems, DES-3.2 (choline chloride:citric acid, 1:2) showed the best extraction performance. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of the extraction parameters and artificial neural network (ANN) model was established to predict the extraction behavior and performance. In addition, extraction kinetics was successfully described by second-order kinetic model. Under the optimized conditions of liquid-solid ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasonic temperature of 60 °C, ultrasonic power of 360 W and ultrasonic time of 90 min, the MDPs yield reached 1.38 %, which was increased by 51.65 % compared with conventional HWE. Furthermore, ANN outperformed RSM in prediction accuracy and effectively captured the complex nonlinear interactions inherent to the extraction process. Structural characterization (SEM, FT-IR, XRD, HPGPC and TGA) analysis revealed that UA-DES extraction caused significant disruption of plant cell walls without changing the characteristic functional groups and amorphous structure of MDPs accompanied by higher molecular weight and thermal stability. Monosaccharide composition analysis identified galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucose as the predominant components with UA-DES extraction significantly enrich the galacturonic acid content compared with HWE. Further, UA-DES extracted MDPs had stronger antioxidant capacity in chemical assays and exerted higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cells by significantly decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophages without cytotoxicity. Additionally, DES-3.2 maintained over 91.25 % recovery after five recycling cycles, with only a 5.78 % loss in extraction efficiency of MDPs. Despite the modest absolute yield of 1.38 %, the excellent recyclability of DES-3.2 provides a strong economic counterbalance by reducing solvent costs and waste generation. Overall, UA-DES extraction is an effective, green, high-performance approach for extracting structurally distinct and bioactive MDPs for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
SN - 1350-4177
SN - 1873-2828
ER -