Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polysaccharides from Baeckea frutescens L.: Hybrid RSM and GA–BP Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Complementary Activity
- 1College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- 2Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
Abstract
Baeckea frutescens L., a traditional medicinal shrub, is widely applied for the treatment of rheumatism, inflammation and skin diseases. Nevertheless, studies focusing on its therapeutic polysaccharides remain limited. In this work, an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE–DES) method was established to extract B. frutescens polysaccharides (BFPs). Integrated with single-factor experiments, RSM and GA–BP neural network modeling, the optimal conditions were determined as 35% water content, 52 °C, 31 min, and a liquid–solid ratio of 32:1 mL/g. The maximum BFP yield reached 10.58 ± 0.21%, which was 4.4-fold higher than that achieved with conventional hot water extraction. The choline chloride-urea DES maintained over 83% extraction capacity after five cycles, demonstrating favorable reusability. Kinetic analysis based on Fick’s second law indicated diffusion-controlled extraction with low activation energy. UAE–DES–BFPs exhibited reduced molecular weight, altered monosaccharide composition and improved thermal stability. Correspondingly, UAE–DES–BFPs showed superior anti-complementary activity with CH50 and AP50 values of 120.13 μg/mL and 255.54 μg/mL. Both polysaccharides suppressed complement activation via C1q, C3, C4, C5 and C9, and UAE–DES–BFPs more effectively inhibited C3/C4 deposition. This study confirms that UAE–DES is an efficient strategy for bioactive BFP preparation, supporting the high-value utilization of B. frutescens.
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BibTeX
@article{bu2026ultrasoundassisted,
title = {{Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polysaccharides from Baeckea frutescens L.: Hybrid RSM and GA–BP Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Complementary Activity}},
author = {Ming Bu and Haijun Wang and Yukun Ma and Tianci Xu and Lu Wang and Lina Guo and Jiaming Wang},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31214008},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/4008},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polysaccharides from Baeckea frutescens L.: Hybrid RSM and GA–BP Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Complementary Activity
AU - Ming Bu
AU - Haijun Wang
AU - Yukun Ma
AU - Tianci Xu
AU - Lu Wang
AU - Lina Guo
AU - Jiaming Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31214008
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/4008
AB - Baeckea frutescens L., a traditional medicinal shrub, is widely applied for the treatment of rheumatism, inflammation and skin diseases. Nevertheless, studies focusing on its therapeutic polysaccharides remain limited. In this work, an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE–DES) method was established to extract B. frutescens polysaccharides (BFPs). Integrated with single-factor experiments, RSM and GA–BP neural network modeling, the optimal conditions were determined as 35% water content, 52 °C, 31 min, and a liquid–solid ratio of 32:1 mL/g. The maximum BFP yield reached 10.58 ± 0.21%, which was 4.4-fold higher than that achieved with conventional hot water extraction. The choline chloride-urea DES maintained over 83% extraction capacity after five cycles, demonstrating favorable reusability. Kinetic analysis based on Fick’s second law indicated diffusion-controlled extraction with low activation energy. UAE–DES–BFPs exhibited reduced molecular weight, altered monosaccharide composition and improved thermal stability. Correspondingly, UAE–DES–BFPs showed superior anti-complementary activity with CH50 and AP50 values of 120.13 μg/mL and 255.54 μg/mL. Both polysaccharides suppressed complement activation via C1q, C3, C4, C5 and C9, and UAE–DES–BFPs more effectively inhibited C3/C4 deposition. This study confirms that UAE–DES is an efficient strategy for bioactive BFP preparation, supporting the high-value utilization of B. frutescens.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -